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A. F. R. (Alexander Frederick Richmond) Wollaston - Pygmies Papuans

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A TAPIRO PYGMYA TAPIRO PYGMY Frontispiece PYGMIES PAPUANS THE STONE - photo 1
A TAPIRO PYGMY.
A TAPIRO PYGMY.
[Frontispiece.

PYGMIES & PAPUANS
THE STONE AGE TO-DAY
IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA
BY
A. F. R. WOLLASTON
AUTHOR OF FROM RUWENZORI TO THE CONGO
WITH APPENDICES BY
W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT, A. C. HADDON, F.R.S.
AND SIDNEY H. RAY
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
NEW YORK
STURGIS & WALTON
COMPANY
1912

PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED
LONDON AND BECCLES

TO
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, O.M.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED

PREFACE
The Committee who organised the late expedition to Dutch New Guinea, paid me the high compliment of inviting me to write an account of our doings in that country. The fact that it is, in a sense, the official account of the expedition has precluded megreatly to the advantage of the readerfrom offering my own views on the things that we saw and on things in general. The country that we visited was quite unknown to Europeans, and the native races with whom we came in contact were living in so primitive a state that the second title of this book is literally true. The pygmies are indeed one of the most primitive peoples now in existence.
Should any find this account lacking in thrilling adventure, I will quote the words of a famous navigator, who visited the coasts of New Guinea more than two hundred years ago:It has been Objected against me by some, that my Accounts and Descriptions of Things are dry and jejune, not filled with variety of pleasant Matter, to divert and gratify the Curious Reader. How far this is true, I must leave to the World to judge. But if I have been exactly and strictly careful to give only True Relations and Descriptions of Things (as I am sure I have;) and if my Descriptions be such as may be of use not only to myself, but also to others in future Voyages; and likewise to such readers at home as are desirous of a Plain and Just Account of the true Nature and State of the Things described, than of a Polite and Rhetorical Narrative: I hope all the Defects in my Stile will meet with an easy and ready Pardon.
To Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, who has allowed me to inscribe this volume to him as a small token of admiration for the first and greatest of the Naturalists who visited New Guinea, my most sincere thanks are due.
To Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Dr. A. C. Haddon, and Mr. Sidney Ray, who have not only assisted me with advice but have contributed the three most valuable articles at the end of this volume, I can only repeat my thanks, which have been expressed elsewhere.
To my fellow-members of the expedition I would like to wish further voyages in more propitious climates.
A.F.R.W.
London ,
May, 1912.

CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface
Introduction
CHAPTER I
The British Ornithologists UnionMembers of the ExpeditionVoyage to JavaChoice of RiversProsperity of JavaHalf-castesObsequious JavaneseThe Rijst-tafelCustoms of the DutchBuitenzorg GardenGaroet
CHAPTER II
Expedition leaves JavaThe NiasEscortMacassarRaja of GoaAmboinaCorals and FishesAmbonese ChristiansDutch ClubsDobo
CHAPTER III
New GuineaIts Position and ExtentTerritorial DivisionsMountain RangesNumerous RiversThe PapuansThe Discovery of New GuineaEarly VoyagersSpanish and DutchJan CarstenszFirst Discovery of the Snow MountainsWilliam Dampier in the RoebuckCaptain Cook in the EndeavourNaturalists and later Explorers
CHAPTER IV
Sail from the Aru IslandsSight New GuineaDistant MountainsSignal FiresNatives in CanoesA British FlagNatives on BoardTheir BehaviourArrival at Mimika RiverReception at WakatimiDancing and WeepingLanding StoresView of the CountrySnow MountainsShark-fishingMaking the CampDeath of W. Stalker
CHAPTER V
Arrival of our AmboneseCoolie ConsiderationsCanoes of the NativesMaking CanoesPreliminary Exploration of the MimikaVariable TidesCompleting the CampA Plague of FliesAlso of CricketsMaking AtapTrading with the NativesTrade Goods
CHAPTER VI
Difficulties of FoodCoolies RationsChoice of ProvisionsTransporting Supplies up the MimikaDescription of the RiverA Days WorkMonotonous SceneryCrowned PigeonsBirds of Paradise and OthersSnakes, Bees, and other CreaturesRapids and Clear WaterThe SeasonsWindRainThunderstormsHalleys Comet
CHAPTER VII
Exploration of the Kapare RiverObotaNative GeographyRiver ObstructionsHornbills and Tree DucksGifts of StonesImportance of Steam LaunchCultivation of TobaccoSago SwampsManufacture of SagoCooking of SagoThe Dutch Use of Convict Labour
CHAPTER VIII
Description of WakatimiThe Papuan HouseCoconut PalmsThe Sugar PalmDrunkenness of the NativesDrunken VagariesOther CultivationThe Native LanguageNo InterpretersThe NumeralsDifficulties of UnderstandingNames of PlacesLocal Differences of Pronunciation
CHAPTER IX
The Papuans of WakatimiColourHairEyesNoseTattooingHeightDressWidows BonnetsGrowth of ChildrenPreponderanceof MenNumber of WivesChildhoodSwimming and other GamesImitativeness of ChildrenThe Search for FoodWomen as WorkersFishing NetsOther Methods of FishingAn Extract from Dampier
CHAPTER X
Food of the PapuansCassowariesThe Native DogQuestion of CannibalismVillage HeadmanThe Social System of the PapuansThe FamilyTreatment of WomenReligionWeather SuperstitionsCeremony to avert a FloodThe PigA Village FestivalWailing at DeathsMethods of Disposal of the DeadNo Reverence for the RemainsPurchasing Skulls
CHAPTER XI
Papuans Love of MusicTheir ConcertsA Dancing HouseCarvingPapuans as ArtistsCats CradleVillage SquabblesThe Part of the WomenWooden and Stone ClubsShell Knives and Stone AxesBows and ArrowsPapuan MarksmenSpearsA most Primitive PeopleDiseaseProspects of their Civilisation
CHAPTER XII
The Camp at ParimauA Plague of BeetlesFirst Discovery of the Tapiro PygmiesPapuans as CarriersWe visit the Clearing of the TapiroRemarkable Clothing of TapiroOur Relations with the NativesSystem of PaymentTheir Confidence in UsOccasional TheftsA Customary Peace-offeringPapuans as Naturalists
CHAPTER XIII
Visit of Mr. LorentzArrival of Steam LaunchA Sailor DrownedOur Second Batch of CooliesHealth of the GurkhasDayaks the Best CooliesSicknessArrival of Motor BoatCamp under WaterExpedition moves to ParimauExplorations beyond the MimikaLeechesFloods on the Tuaba RiverOverflowing RiversThe WataikwaCutting a Track
CHAPTER XIV
The Camp at the Wataikwa RiverMalay CooliesAmokA Double MurderA View of the Snow MountainsFelling TreesFloodsVillage washed AwayThe Wettest SeasonThe Effects of FloodsBeri-beriArrival of C. GrantDeparture of W. Goodfellow
CHAPTER XV
Pygmies visit ParimauDescription of Tapiro PygmiesColourHairClothingOrnamentsNetted BagsFlint KnivesBone DaggersSleeping MatsFire StickMethod of making FireCultivation of TobaccoManner of SmokingBows and ArrowsVillage of the PygmiesTerraced GroundHouses on PilesVillage HeadmanOur Efforts to see the WomenLanguage and VoicesTheir IntelligenceCountingTheir Geographical Distribution
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