Geoffrey Jensen - Warfare in Europe 1919–1938

Warfare in Europe 1919-1938

The International Library of Essays on Military History
Series Editor: Jeremy Black

Titles in the Series:

Modern Counter-Insurgency
Ian Beckett

Macedonian Warfare
Richard Billows

Warfare in Europe 1650-1792
Jeremy Black

Warfare in the Middle East since 1945
Ahron Bregman

The English Civil War
Stanley D.M. Carpenter

Warfare in Latin America, Volumes I and II
Miguel A. Centeno

United States Military History 1865 to the
Present Day
Jeffery Charlston

Medieval Warfare 1300-1450
Kelly DeVries

Medieval Warfare 1000-1300
John France

Warfare in the Dark Ages
John France and Kelly DeVries

Naval History 1500-1680
Jan Glete

Byzantine Warfare
John Haldon

Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660
Paul E.J. Hammer

Naval History 1680-1850
Richard Harding

Warfare in Europe 1919-1938
Geoffrey Jensen

Warfare in Japan
Harald Kleinschmidt

Naval History 1850-Present, Volumes I and II
Andrew Lambert

African Military History
John Lamphear

Warfare in China to 1600
Peter Lorge

World War I
Michael Neiberg

The Army of Imperial Rome
Michael F. Pavkovic

The Army of the Roman Republic
Michael F. Pavkovic

The American Civil War
Ethan S. Rafuse

The British Army 1815-1914
Harold E. Rangh, Jr

The Russian Imperial Army 1796-1917
Roger Reese

Medieval Ships and Warfare
Susan Rose

Warfare in Europe 17921815
Frederick C. Schneid

The Second World War
Nick Smart

Warfare in China Since 1600
Kenneth Swope

Warfare in the USA 1784-1861
Samuel Watson

The Armies of Classical Greece
Everett Wheeler

The Vietnam War
James H. Willbanks

Warfare in Europe 18151914
Peter . Wilson

Edited by
Geoffrey Jensen
Virginia Military Institute, USA

First published 2008 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
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711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Geoffrey Jensen 2008. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the Acknowledgements.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Warfare in Europe, 1919-1938. - (The international library of essays on military history)
1. Military doctrine - Europe - History - 20th century 2. Europe - History, Military - 20th century
I. Jensen, Geoffrey
355'.0094'09041

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929563

ISBN 9780754625193 (hbk)

The editor and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.

Copyright Clearance Center for the essays: James S. Corum (1995), 'The Luftwaffe's Army Support Doctrine, 1918-1941', Journal of Military History, , pp. 53-76. Copyright Society for Military History; Phillip S. Meilinger (1996), 'Trenchard and "Morale Bombing": The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine before World War II', The Journal of Military History , , pp. 243-70. Copyright Society for Military History; John Ferris (1999), 'Fighter Defence before Fighter Command: The Rise of Strategic Air Defence in Great Britain, 1917-1934', Journal of Military History, , pp. 845-84. Copyright Society for Military History.

Oxford University Press for the essays: Orlando Figes (1990), 'The Red Army and Mass Mobilization during the Russian Civil War 1918-1920', Past and Present, , pp. 168-211; Charles Townshend (1979), 'The Irish Republican Army and the Development of Guerrilla Warfare, 1916-21', English Historical Review, , pp. 31845.

Sage Publications for the essays: Azar Gat (1997), 'British Influence and the Evolution of the Panzer Arm: Myth or Reality?', , War in History , , pp. 150-73; pp. 31638. Copyright 1997 Arnold; R.L. DiNardo (1996), 'German Armour Doctrine: Correcting the Myths', War in History , , pp. 384-97. Copyright 1996 Arnold; Eugenia C. Kiesling (1996), '"If it ain't broke, don't fix it": French Military Doctrine between the World Wars', War in History , , pp. 208-23. Copyright 1996 Arnold; Michael Alpert (1999), 'The Clash of Spanish Armies: Contrasting Ways of War in Spain, 1936-1939', War in History , 6, pp. 331-51. Copyright 1999 Arnold.

Taylor & Francis for the essays: Robert Citino (2004), 'Beyond Fire and Movement: Command, Control and Information in the German Blitzkrieg. Journal of Strategic Studies, , pp. 324-44. http://www.informaworld.com. Copyright 2004 Taylor & Francis; Alaric Searle (1996), 'J.F.C. Fuller, Tukhachevsky and the Red Army, 1923-1941: The Question of the Reception of Fuller's Military Writings in the Soviet Union', Journal of Slavic Military Studies , 9, pp. 848-84; Steven J. Zaloga (1999), 'Soviet Tank Operations in the Spanish Civil War', Journal of Slavic Military Studies, , pp. 134-62; Lennart Samuelson (1996), 'Mikhail Tukhachevsky and War-Economic Planning: Reconsiderations on the pre-War Soviet Military Build-up', Journal of Slavic Military Studies, , pp. 804-47; David R. Stone (1996), 'Tukhachevsky in Leningrad: Military Politics and Exile, 1928-31', Europe-Asia Studies , , pp. 1365-86. http://www.informaworld.com; Frank Schauff (1999), 'Company Choir of Terror: The Military Council of the 1930s - The Red Army between the XVIIth and XVIIIth Party Congresses', The Journal of Slavic Military Studies , , pp. 123-63. http://www.informaworld.com. Copyright 1996 University of Glasgow.

University of Chicago Press for the essay: Thomas Fiddick (1973), 'The "Miracle of the Vistula": Soviet Policy versus Red Army Strategy', The Journal of Modern History', 45, pp. 62613.

Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.

War and military matters are key aspects of the modern world and central topics in history study. This series brings together essays selected from key journals that exhibit careful analysis of military history. The volumes, each of which is edited by an expert in the field, cover crucial time periods and geographical areas including Europe, the USA, China, Japan, Latin America, and South Asia. Each volume represents the editor's selection of the most seminal recent essays on military history in their particular area of expertise, while an introduction presents an overview of the issues in that area, together with comments on the background and significance of the essays selected.

This series reflects important shifts in the subject. Military history has increasingly taken a cultural turn, forcing us to consider the question of what wins wars in a new light. Historians used to emphasise the material aspects of war, specifically the quality and quantity of resources. That approach, bringing together technological proficiency and economic strength, appeared to help explain struggles for mastery within the West, as well as conflicts between the West and non-West. Now, the focus is rather on strategic culture - how tasks are set and understood - and on how resources are used. It involves exploring issues such as fighting quality, unit cohesion, morale, leadership, tactics, strategy, as well as the organisational cultural factors that affect assessment and use of resources. Instead of assuming that organisational issues were driven by how best to use, move and supply weapons, this approach considers how they are affected by social patterns and developments.