Cybercrimes is a timely, comprehensive and authoritative text, which demystifies the subject and provides vital clarity on this dynamic area. Taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of the field, it is written in an engaging and accessible manner for all students, making it indispensable for any cybercrime programme.
Lisa Sugiura, University of Portsmouth, UK
The multidisciplinary and international approach employed by Anita Lavorgna makes this an ideal text for instructors with a diverse student population of different backgrounds and with varying interests. Expanding beyond traditional introductory cybercrime texts, Cybercrimes provides a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of todays most relevant types of cybercrimes, and rigorously deals with the emerging challenges posed by cyberspace. The book addresses the technical aspects of cybercrimes without getting bogged down in unnecessary details and highlights the qualitative and quantitative similarities and differences with traditional crimes.
Bryce G. Westlake, San Jose State University, USA
One thing I have learned from researching cybercrime over the past 25 years is that it is a complex issue and also a moving feast of social, technical and even political issues. Anita Lavorgnas book does a very good job at isolating and capturing these elusive characteristics and presents the subject (which it has now become) to the reader in a very digestible form.
David Wall, University of Leeds, UK
Cybercrimes is an excellent guide to the intricacies of criminal and deviant behaviours in cyberspace. Due to the blurring of online and offline in our daily lives, it makes less and less sense to think of cyber as a unicum which can be kept apart from our (real) routines. Professor Lavorgna explains it from a multi- and transdisciplinary perspective without focusing on a specific jurisdiction.
Jos R. Agustina, UIC Barcelona, Spain
Cybercrimes is one of the most comprehensive books on the topic Ive come across to date. Not only does it investigate all the usual suspects, it goes a step further by providing articulated discussions of criminological theory and can thus be used more widely across our criminology-related courses.
Brian Frederick, University of Gloucestershire, UK
Cybercrimes by Anita Lavorgna offers a timely and much-needed insight into evolving cybercrime areas. The book provides a critical analysis of cybercrime means, methods and responses, and the arguments are expertly illustrated by numerous examples throughout. The topics considered cover everything from legislative and theoretical issues to computer technologies and devices, as well as policing and governance challenges. This book is an important resource for people working with cybercrime worldwide, including students, academics and cybersecurity practitioners.
Tine Munk, Middlesex University, UK
CYBERCRIMES
CRITICAL ISSUES
IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
ANITA LAVORGNA
Anita Lavorgna, under exclusive licence to Macmillan Education Limited 2020
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2020 by
RED GLOBE PRESS
Red Globe Press in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Education Limited, registered in England, company number 01755588, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW.
Red Globe Press is a registered trademark in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-352-00911-8 hardback
ISBN 978-1-352-00904-0 paperback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
CONTENTS
List of figures and tables
List of boxes
Acknowledgements
Introduction
The context and purpose of this book
Approaching crime in cyberspace
The content of this book
Outlining cybercrimes
Introduction
A brief historical context
Defining cybercrimes
Measuring cybercrimes
Concluding remarks
Theorising cybercrimes
Introduction
Classicism and offenders decision-making
Social structure approaches
Socialisation approaches
Critical criminology
Postmodern and late-modern criminology
Towards a theory for crime in cyberspace
Concluding remarks
Crimes against devices
Introduction
Hackers and identity construction
Attacks and vulnerabilities
Internet of things
Monitoring and collection of online data in state and corporate surveillance
Concluding remarks
Crimes against persons
Introduction
Hate speech
Harassment
Sex crimes
Concludingremarks
Crimes of deception and coercion
Introduction
Frauds
Extortion
Concludingremarks
Market-based crimes and crimes against property
Introduction
Illegalmarketsonline
Intellectual properyinfringiment
Concludingremarks
Political offences
Introduction
Cyberwarfare
Cyberterrorism
Controlling cyberspace as political deviancy
Concludingremarks
Disrupting cybercrimes and the need for crime prevention
Introduction
Policingcybercrimes
Approaches to cybercrime prevention
Concludingremarks
Cybercrime research and the future of cybercrimes
Introduction
Researchingcybercrimes
Thefutureofcybercrimes
References
Index
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
2.1 I nformation and communication technology milestones versus cybercrime evolution: a timeline
2.2 Approaches to quantify the extent of cybercrimes
4.1 The anatomy of a DDoS attack
4.2 Schematising cybersurveillance
7.1 Byzantine generals and proof-of-work
9.1 The three major forces shaping todays approaches to dealing with cybercrimes
TABLES
2.1 Cybercrimes typology
3.1 Classification of criminological theories
3.2 Mainstream theoretical explanations of cybercrimes
5.1 Types of (cyber)crimes against persons
