First published in 1988
This edition first published in 2011
by Routledge
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Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1988 Sepehr Zabih
Printed and bound in Great Britain
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-57033-6 (Set)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-83010-9 (Set)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-61785-7 (Volume 36)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-82906-6 (Volume 36)
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THE IRANIAN
MILITARY IN
REVOLUTION
AND WAR
SEPEHR ZABIH
First published in 1988 by
Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Published in the USA by
Routledge
in association with Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Inc.
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
1988 Sepehr Zabih
Printed in Great Britain by
Billing & Sons Ltd, Worcester
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Zabih, Sepehr
The Iranian military in revolution and war.
1. Iran. Military forces
I. Title
355l'.00955
ISBN 0-415-00476-4
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
ISBN 0-415-00476-4
Contents
By the Same Author
Marxism and the working class , by William Gallagher (translated into Farsi), 1949
On youth , by V.I. Lenin (translated into Farsi), 1950
The communist mouement in Iran , (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1966). Also available in Farsi, 1985
The foreign relations of Iran (with S. Chubin), (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1974)
The Mossadegh era: roots of Iranian revolution (Lakeview Press, Chicago, 1982). Also available in Farsi, 1983
Iran since the Reuolution (Croom Helm, London; Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1982)
The left in contemporary Iran: ideology, organization and the Soviet connection (Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, 1986)
Cast of Principal Characters
MOHAMMADREZA PAHLAVI: The second monarch of Pahlavi dynasty who ruled from 1941 to 1979, and died in Cairo, July 1980.
Dr MOHHAMAD MOSSADEGH: Leader of National Front government, 19513; died in internal exile in 1966.
General GEORGE BROWN: Chairman of US Joint Chiefs in 1970s.
RICHARD HELMS: US Ambassador to Iran, 19727 and former CIA Director.
General ABBAS QARABAQI: the last Chief of Staff of the Iranian armed forces before the revolution.
Dr SHAHPOUR BAKHTIYAR: The last Prime Minister of the old regime.
Admiral AHMAD MADANI: First Defence Minister of the Provisional Government.
MEHDI BAZARGAN: Prime Minister of the Provisional Government, February-November 1979.
IMAM KHOMEINI: Official title of Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic Republic.
ABOLHASAN BANISADR: First President of the Islamic Republic, January 1980 to June 1981.
HOJATOL-ISLAM (H.-I.) ALI KHAMENEI: Third President of the Islamic Republic since autumn 1981.
BASEEJI: Paramilitary volunteers controlled by the Sepah .
Dr JAMSHID AMLIZEGAR: Prime Minister from summer 1977 to summer 1978.
JAAFAR SHARIF-EMAMI: Prime Minister, August-November 1978.
General NASSER MOGHADDAM: Last Chief of SAVAK, executed in 1979.
General GHOLAMHOSSEIN AZHARI: Prime Minister of military cabinet November-December 1978.
General GHOLAMALI OVEISSI: Martial Law Governor, September-November 1978.
Ambassador WILLIAM SULLIVAN: Last US Ambassador to Iran, 197780.
General AMIRHOSSEIN RABII: Last Commander of the Imperial Air Force.
Admiral KAMAL HABIBOLLAHI: Last Commander of the Imperial Navy.
Ayatollah KAZEM SHARIATMADARI: One of the six grand ayatollahs representing Azarbayjan province.
General ABDOLALI BADREI: Last Commander of the Imperial ground forces.
AMIRABBAS HOVEYDA: Long time Prime Minister of the Shah, executed April 1979.
Dr IBRAHIM YAZDI: Foreign Minister and member of Revolution Council, February-November 1979.
General JAAFAR SHAFEGGAT: Defence Minister in the Bakhtiyar cabinet.
General ROBERT E. HUYSER: President Carters special envoy to Iran, January-February 1979.
General PHILLIP GAST: Head of the US Military Advisory Mission to Iran, MAAG.