My family has been the core of my strength and motivation during the course of writing this book. I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to my partner Fitzroy and my daughter Jamaya for being understanding when I was out researching or on the computer writing for endless hours; to Mommy, Nicole, and Simone for taking good care of Jamaya; my brothers Gary and Desroy for their encouragement; and my extended family in Canada and the United States for their support.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to the following people and institutions, who helped to make the completion of this book an easier task: Rawle Thompson; Denise Stern; Hilary Dawson, genealogist and historical researcher; Spencer Alexander and the Buxton Museum; Cherylyn Hansler; Brian Gilchrist, Region of Peel Archives; Irene Moore Davis, Essex County Black Historical Research Society; Blair Newby, Chatham-Kent Black Historical Society; Wilberforce University Archives; the Hamilton Spectator ; Margaret Houghton, Hamilton Public Librarys special collections; the Marsh Historical Collection Society; Karolyn Smardz Frost and Henry Bishop, the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia; and the Norval Johnson Heritage Library and Nathaniel Dett Chapel.
I am honoured to have received guidance from elders Wilma Morrison and Gwen Robinson, who understand the importance of passing on the rich history of African Canadians. I am also very grateful to Beth Allen, Blaine Courtney, Adrienne Shadd, Dennis Scott, and Nerene Virgin for sharing their personal experiences and family history with me. Several young people have also provided their insight, which has proven to be invaluable thank you Raulandre, Breanna, and Bria.
Barry Penhale and Jane Gibson of Natural Heritage Books have provided tremendous guidance and support throughout the course of this project, and I thank them for that. I am also thankful to Dundurn for providing the platform to share the history of this significant Canadian cultural tradition.
I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Ontario Arts Council through the Writers Reserve program in the completion of this project.
Selected Bibliography
Books
Chamberlin, Agnes Dunbar. The Colored People of Toronto, Annual Report of the Womens Canadian Historical Society of Toronto , 18971898.
Cooper, John. Rapid Ray: the Story of Ray Lewis . Toronto, Ontario: Tundra Books, 2002.
Gordon, Robert. A Sermon on the Morning of the 1st of August 1859, by a Black Clergyman, the Reverend Robert Gordon, in St. Pauls Cathedral. London, Canada West, on the Occasion of the Celebration of the Twenty-First Anniversary of West Indian Emancipation, by the Colored Citizens of London, and Several other Places . London, Ontario: Colonial Church and School Society, Mission to the Fugitive Slaves in Canada, 1859.
Green, Garth L. and Philip W. Scher, eds. Trinidad Carnival: the Cultural Politics of a Transnational Festival . Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2007.
Henry, Natasha. Emancipation Day: Celebrating Freedom in Canada . Toronto, Ontario: Dundurn Press, 2010.
Hamilton, James Cleland. Osgoode Hall: Reminiscences of the Bench and Bar . Toronto, Ontario: Carswell Co., 1904.
LaBrew, Arthur R. 300th Year Celebration: The Black Community: Music and the Fine and Secular Arts: The Detroit History that Nobody Knew (or Bothered to Remember) 18001900 . Detroit, Michigan: City of Detroit, 2001.
Robinson, Gwen and John Robinson. Seek the Truth: A Story of Chathams Black Community . Chatham, Ontario: privately published, 1989.
Shadd, Adrienne, Afua Cooper, and Karolyn Smardz Frost. The Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Toronto! Toronto, Ontario: Natural Heritage, 2005.
Shadd, Ruth Ann. Breaking Loose: A History of African-Canadian Dance in Southwestern Ontario 19001955 . Windsor, Ontario: Preney Print & Litho Inc., 1995.
Turcotte, Dorothy. Greetings from Grimsby Park, the Chautauqua of Canada . Grimsby, Ontario: 1985.
Wiggins, William H. O Freedom!: Afro American Emancipation Celebrations . Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.
Articles
Davis, Irene Moore. Recognizing Windsors First Councillors of African Descent, Talking Drum Newsletter , North American Black Historical Society, Volume 12, No. 13, March 2010.
Smardz Frost, Karolyn. Communities of Resistance: African Canadians and African Americans in Antebellum Toronto, Ontario History , Ontario Historical Society, Volume 99, No.1 (Spring 2007): 4463.
Collections
The E. Andrea Shreve Moore Collection, Essex County Black Historical Research Society.
Websites
The Freedom Seeker: The Life and Times of Daniel G. Hill, Archives of Ontario, www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/dan-hill/index.aspx .
Grimsby Park, Closed Canadian Parks, http://cec.chebucto.org/ClosPark/Grimsby.html .
Contents
Copyright Natasha L. Henry, 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.
Editor: Matt Baker
Design: Jesse Hooper
Epub: Carmen Giraudy
Cataloguing and Publication Information Available from Library and Archives Canada
We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund and Livres Canada Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishing Tax Credit and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.
Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.
J. Kirk Howard, President
www.dundurn.com
This book is dedicated to my beautiful, brilliant daughter, Jamaya.