Savage-Knepshield - Designing soldier systems: current issues in human factors

DESIGNING SOLDIER SYSTEMS

Human Factors in Defence

Series Editors:
Dr Don Harris, Managing Director of HFI Solutions Ltd, UK
Professor Neville Stanton, Chair in Human Factors at the
University of Southampton, UK
Dr Eduardo Salas, University of Central Florida, USA

Human factors is key to enabling todays armed forces to implement their vision to produce battle-winning people and equipment that are fit for the challenge of today, ready for the tasks of tomorrow and capable of building for the future (source: UK MoD). Modern armed forces fulfil a wider variety of roles thanever before. In addition to defending sovereign territory and prosecuting armed conflicts, military personnel are engaged in homeland defence and in undertaking peacekeeping operations and delivering humanitarian aid right across the world.

This requires top class personnel, trained to the highest standards in the use offirst class equipment. The military has long recognised that good human factors is essential if these aims are to be achieved.

The defence sector is far and away the largest employer of human factors personnel across the globe and is the largest funder of basic and applied research. Much of this research is applicable to a wide audience, not just the military; this series aims to give readers access to some of this high quality work.

Ashgates Human Factors in Defence series comprises of specially commissioned books from internationally recognised experts in the field. They provide in-depth, authoritative accounts of key human factors issues being addressed by the defence industry across the world.

Current Issues in Human Factors

EDITED BY

PAMELA SAVAGE-KNEPSHIELD
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering
Directorate, USA

JOHN MARTIN
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering
Directorate, USA

JOHN LOCKETT III
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering
Directorate, USA

and

LAUREL ALLENDER
U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering
Directorate, USA

ASHGATE

Pamela Savage-Knepshield, John Martin, John Lockett III, Laurel Allender and the contributors 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Pamela Savage-Knepshield, John Martin, John Lockett III and Laurel Allender have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.

Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited
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Union Road
Farnham
Surrey, GU9 7PT
England

Ashgate Publishing Company
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Suite 31
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www.ashgate.com

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Designing soldier systems : current issues in human factors.(Human factors in defence)

1. Human engineeringUnited States. 2. United StatesArmed ForcesEquipment
Design and construction. 3. United StatesArmed ForcesWeapons systems
Design. 4. United StatesArmed ForcesRobots. 5. Human-robot interaction
United States.
I. Series II. Savage-Knepshield, Pamela.
355.8'0973dc23

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Designing soldier systems : current issues in human factors / by Pamela Savage-Knepshield ... [et al.].

p. cm. (Human factors in defence)

Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-0777-5 (hbk. : alk. paper)ISBN 978-1-4094-0778-2 (ebook)

1. Military researchUnited States. 2. United StatesArmed ForcesTechnological innovations. 3. Human engineeringUnited States. 4. Systems engineeringUnited States. I. Savage-Knepshield, Pamela.

U393.5.D429 2012
355'.070973dc23

2012019362

ISBN 9781409407775 (hbk)
ISBN 9781409407782 (ebk-PDF)
ISBN 9781409471967 (ebk-ePUB)

Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, UK.

John K. Hawley and Anna L. Mares

Keryl A. Cosenzo and Michael J. Barnes

Jessie Y.C. Chen

Linda R. Elliott and Elizabeth S. Redden

Timothy L. White, Andrea S. Krausman, and Ellen C. Haas

Richard A. Tauson

Elizabeth S. Redden and Linda R. Elliott

Lamar Garrett, Debbie Patton, and Linda Mullins

James E. Melzer, Angelique A. Scharine, and Bruce E. Amrein

Valerie J. Berg Rice and Petra E. Alfred

Kelvin S. Oie, Stephen Gordon, and Kaleb McDowell

Brent Lance, Jorge Capo, and Kaleb McDowell

Pamela A. Savage-Knepshield

Raymond M. Bateman, Charles L. Hernandez, and Frank Morelli

Kathy L. Kehring

Andrew Bodenhamer and Bradley Davis

Richard W. Kozycki

Thomas W. Davis, Michael Sage Jessee, and Anthony W. Morris

Diane Kuhl Mitchell and Charneta L. Samms

Jennifer C. Swoboda and Beth Plott

Jeffrey T. Hansberger

This book is dedicated to the men and women who have unselfishly and steadfastly served in the US Armed Forces to uphold the principles that our nation holds so dear and to all those that have made the ultimate sacrifice; especially remembered are Army Guardsmen SPC Bryan Rearick and SSG Jorge Oliveira.

Laurel Allender, Ph.D., was appointed as the Director of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED) at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD, in January 2011 to direct basic and applied research and advanced development in three core competency areas: human performance, simulation and training technologies, and human systems integration (HSI). Dr. Allender began her career in 1984 at the Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences at Fort Bliss, TX, where her research led to the development of an automated assessment capability for Patriot training systems. Dr. Allender received her Ph.D. in Applied Experimental Cognitive Psychology from Rice University.

John Lockett III is Chief of the Soldier Performance Division at ARL HRED. Prior to that, he led the MANPRINT Methods and Analysis Branch and the Integration Methods Branch. He received a Masters in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech and a B.S. in Engineering Psychology from Tufts University. He has over 25 years research and development experience in Human Factors and has concentrated on application of workload analysis and human figure modeling technologies to MANPRINT, the US Armys HSI program.

John H. Martin is an operations research analyst working in the area of MANPRINT and human factors engineering. He is currently an Army Materiel Command (AMC) Field Assistance in Science Technology (FAST) Science and Technology Advisor at the Joint Readiness Training Center in Grafenwoehr, Germany. He has graduate degrees from Columbia University in Mathematics and Education. He has also done graduate work in Human Factors at Virginia Tech and the University of Michigan and is a member of the Army Acquisition Corps.