COUNTERINSURGENCY
IN
MODERN WARFARE
Acknowledgments
The editors would like to thank many people for their help with this project. Firstly, we would like to thank the authors of the chapters who have agreed to be involved with this project. Secondly, we are grateful to the many military and civilian practitioners of COIN who have been kind enough to offer their opinions on current and past operations. Thirdly, we would like to thank our editors Ruth Sheppard and Kate Moore for all the professionalism and organization that saw the project through. Finally, we are grateful to Nancy Owens for her excellent copyediting.
Dedication
To Robert O'Neill, veteran of Vietnam and mentor to many.
CONTRIBUTORS
Professor Ian F. W. Beckett is Visiting Professor of Military History at the University of Kent. A Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, he is Chairman of the Council of the Army Records Society in the UK. He has taught at a number of institutions in the UK and the US, and was Major General Matthew C. Horner Professor of Military Theory at the US Marine Corps University, Quantico, Virginia in 200204. His many publications include Modern Insurgencies and Counter-insugencies (2001), and (as editor) Modern Counter-insurgency (2007).
Dr Sergio Catignani is a Max Weber Fellow at the European University Institute, Florence, where he is conducting a comparative study on Western approaches to low-intensity conflicts. Prior to the EUI, Dr Catignani was a Lecturer in the Department of War Studies, King's College, London, where he also obtained his Ph.D. in War Studies under the supervision of Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman. His publications have appeared in The Journal of Strategic Studies, Terrorism & Political Violence,Parameters, and The Royal United Services Institute Journal. His Ph.D. thesis has been published as The Israel Defense Forces and the TwoIntifadas (2008).
Colonel Richard Iron OBE was originally commissioned into the British Army in 1975. He has served in Germany, Kenya, the Falkland Islands, the Sultanate of Oman, the Balkans, and in several tours in Northern Ireland. He attended both the British and US Army staff colleges. His appointments include chief of staff of an armored brigade and command of an armored infantry battalion. He has a wide background in joint and land doctrine, leading the British Army's doctrine branch from 2001 to 2004; he was also responsible for overseeing the development of NATO land doctrine for six years. He led a USUK planning team for the 2003 invasion of Iraq and was responsible for the British Army's subsequent analysis of the Iraq war. He was an expert military witness for the prosecution in the Sierra Leone war crimes tribunal. He mentored the senior Iraqi commander in southern Iraq in 200708, including during Operation Charge of the Knights in Basra. He is now a Defence Fellow at the University of Oxford. Dr Peter Lieb is a Senior Lecturer at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Department of War Studies, and Research Fellow at the European Studies Research Institute, University of Salford. Prior to this he was a Research Fellow at the Institut fr Zeitgeschichte in Munich, and the German Historical Institute in Paris. He holds a Ph.D. and an M.A. from the University of Munich. His research interests are the German Army in both world wars, and insurgencies and counterinsurgencies in the 20th century, as well as war crimes throughout history. He has published a book on the radicalization of warfare in the West in 1944 entitled Konventioneller Kreigoder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg? Kreigfhrung und Partisanenbekmpfungin Frankreich 194344 (2007). Furthermore, he has written several articles in German, French and English about the German Army and war crimes in both world wars.
Professor Anthony James Joes has a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and an A.B. from Saint Joseph's University, where he is now Professor. He was Director of the International Relations Program 19722002 and Visiting Professor of Political Science at the US Army War College, 200103. He has presented on the subjects of insurgency and counterinsurgency to the CIA, the Center for Army Analysis, the US Marine Corps Concepts and Plans Division, the United States Air Force, the National Defense University, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, and the RAND Insurgency Board. He is the author of eleven books and has edited or contributed to several others including Urban Guerrilla Warfare (2007), Resisting Rebellion:The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency (2004), America andGuerrilla Warfare (2000), Saving Democracies: U.S. Intervention inThreatened Democratic States (1999), and Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical,Biographical and Bibliographical Sourcebook (1996). He has also published many articles.
Dr Carter Malkasian obtained his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Robert O'Neill. He directs research on stability and development at the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) in Alexandria, Virginia. Prior to this job, he was assigned to the I Marine Expeditionary Force as an adviser on counterinsurgency. He deployed with I MEF to Iraq from February to May 2003, February 2004 to February 2005, and February 2006 to August 2006. He has written a number of articles, including "Signaling Resolve, Democratization, and the First Battle of Fallujah," in The Journal ofStrategic Studies; "The Role of Perceptions and Political Reform in Counterinsurgency," in Small Wars & Insurgencies; and "Toward a Better Understanding of Attrition," in Journal of Military History. He has also written two books, A History of Modern Wars of Attrition (2002) and The Korean War, 19501953 (2001).
Dr Thomas A. Marks is chair of the Irregular Warfare Department at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) of the National Defense University (NDU) in Washington, D.C. and the author of Maoist People'sWar in Post-Vietnam Asia (2007), considered the standard work on the subject. For more than a decade he has spent considerable time in Colombia, particularly in his capacity as Chief Foreign Correspondent of Soldier of Fortune magazine. His last field service was contract work as a consultant to a Saudi special operations unit.
Dr Daniel Marston obtained his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Robert O'Neill. Daniel holds the Ike Skelton Distinguished Chair of Counterinsurgency at the US Army Command and General Staff College and serves as an adviser for the British Army. He has been a Research Fellow at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University and a Visiting Fellow with the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War. He was previously a Senior Lecturer in War Studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. His research focuses on the topic of how armies learn and reform. He completed his doctorate in the history of war at Balliol College, Oxford University, and is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Dr John A. Nagl earned his Ph.D. at Oxford under the supervision of Professor Robert O'Neill. John is the President of the Center for a New American Security, a member of the Defense Policy Board, and a visiting Professor in the War Studies Department at King's College of London. A retired US Army officer, he fought in Operations Desert Storm and IraqiFreedom and is the author of Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: