ALSO BY ALVIN M . JOSEPHY, J R.
The Long and the Short and the Tall: The Story of a Marine Combat Unit in the Pacific
The Patriot Chiefs: A Chronicle of American Indian Resistance
Chief Josephs People and Their War
The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest
The Indian Heritage of America
The Artist Was a Young Man: The Life Story of Peter Rindisbacher
Black Hills, White Sky: Photographs from the Collection of the Arvada Center Foundation, Inc.
On the Hill: A History of the American Congress
Now That the Buffalos Gone: A Study of Todays American Indians
The Civil War in the American West
500 Nations: An Illustrated History of North American Indians
A Walk Toward Oregon: A Memoir
Nez Perce Country
America in 1492: The World of the Indian Peoples Before the Arrival of Columbus (editor)
Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes: Nine Indian Writers on the Legacy of the Expedition (editor)
Red Power: The American Indians Fight for Freedom (editor)
Arrival of the Nez Perce at the Walla Walla Treaty, May 1855. (Drawing by Gustav Sohon. Photo courtesy of the Washington State Historical Society.)
A VINTAGE ORIGINAL, OCTOBER 2015
Copyright 2015 by Marc Jaffe and Rich Wandschneider
All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, and distributed in Canada by Random House of Canada, a division of Penguin Random House Ltd., Toronto.
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Josephy, Alvin M., 19152005.
[Works. Selections]
The longest trail : writings on American Indian history, culture, and politics / by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. ; edited by Marc Jaffe and Rich Wandschneider.
pages cm
1. Indians of North AmericaHistory. 2. Indians of North AmericaSocial life and customs. 3. Indians of North AmericaPolitics and government. I. Jaffe, Marc, editor. II. Wandschneider, Rich, editor. III. Title.
E77.J788 2015 970.004'97dc23 2015010197
Vintage Books Trade Paperback ISBN9780345806918
eBook ISBN9780345806925
Cover design by Megan Wilson
Cover Photographs: sky Carolyn Marks Blackwood; sarape (detail) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston/Gift of Mrs. Harold D. Walker and Miss Eleanor W. Brooks in memory of their mother Mrs. N. B. K. Brooks/Bridgeman Images
Author photograph courtesy of Knopf Publishing Group
Map design by Robert Bull
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Contents
Foreword
A Man of Honor: Alvin Josephy, an Appreciation
Alvin Josephys work seeped into my life and foreshadowed my path in ways neither of us could have anticipated. My awareness of him began as a child, in my grandparents living room on the Umatilla Reservation, when he visited with Grandpa, Gilbert E. Conner, the only living grandson of Ollokot, younger brother of Young Joseph. In 1926, Grandpa had been secretary of the Remnants Committee, an assemblage representing remnants of the families involved in the 1877 war, including Yellow Wolf and Josiah Red Wolf. Alvin and Grandpa spent hours discussing the genealogy and intricate history of the descendants of Wellamotkin, father of Old Joseph.
That Alvin sought to represent our kinship and geographic relationships was indicative of his attention to detail. Notably, an illustration in The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest, the book that grew from those original interviews, represents village headmen and not modern Tribal identitiesan apt and accurate depiction of our pre- and early-contact societal structure. It was white leaders who insisted on head chiefs and distinct tribal boundaries.
Decades later, I would come to appreciate that Alvin had conducted research in an unprecedented manner among western historians at that point in time, as he listened studiously to numerous Cayuse, Nez Perce, and Palouse elders on the Nez Perce, Colville, and Umatilla reservations. He trusted the oral accounts they provided.
I remember him telling me then that weTribal membersneeded to write our own histories. He lamented that he had been told stories and given material that he could not use because it would be dismissed as hearsay if he used it in his work. But, if we recounted our oral history in the first-person narrative, it would be genuine, authentic.
The year that Alvins Red Power was published I joined other Tribal and some non-Indian students in forming Nanuma Natitayt, the first Indian club at our high school. When I took my first college anthropology class, Red Power was required reading. When the United States v. Washington decision on treaty fishing rights was announced, I worked with my colleagues at Indians Into Communications in Seattle on a special newspaper edition and interviewed lead attorney Mason Morisset for a televised special on the case. Shortly thereafter,