PENGUIN BOOKS
Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt
Rosalie David took a BA degree in Ancient History with Egyptology at University College London. Her doctoral thesis at the University of Liverpool explored the ritual use and function of the ancient Egyptian temple.
In 1972 she began her academic career at the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, where she is currently Professor and Keeper of Egyptology. Her work has focused on the initiation and development of biomedical studies in the field of Egyptology, and in 1973 she inaugurated and has continued to direct the internationally renowned Manchester Egyptian Mummy Research Project. For many years she has also taught university courses on ancient Egyptian religion.
Professor David has lectured in many countries and on cruises in Egypt and the Middle East, and has also been consultant and presenter for scientific television documentary films. She has published many articles, and has edited or authored over twenty books of which the most recent are The Experience of Ancient Egypt (Routledge, 1999), Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt (FactsOnFile, 1999; second revised edition, 2002), and (with Rick Archbold) Conversations with Mummies (HarperCollins/Madison Press, 2000).
Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt
ROSALIE DAVID
PENGUIN BOOKS
PENGUIN BOOKS
Published by the Penguin Group
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First published 2002
Copyright Rosalie David, 2002
All rights reserved
The moral right of the author has been asserted
Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
ISBN: 978-0-14-194138-7
Contents
CHAPTER 1
The Creation of Egyptian Civilization
CHAPTER 2
The Emergence of Religion Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods, c.50002686 BCE
CHAPTER 3
The Rise of the Sun-Cult The Old Kingdom, c.2686c.2181 BCE
CHAPTER 4
Osiris, the Peoples God The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom, c.21811786 BCE
CHAPTER 5
Religion and Empire Transition from the Second Intermediate Period to the Early New Kingdom, 1786c.1400 BCE
CHAPTER 6
The Amarna Heresy The New Kingdom, c.1400c.1320 BCE
CHAPTER 7
The Return to Orthodoxy Later New Kingdom, c.13201085 BCE
CHAPTER 8
Kings and Priests: The Final Conflict The Third Intermediate and Late Periods, 1085332 BCE
CHAPTER 9
East meets West: Conflict and Co-operation in Graeco-Roman Egypt 332 BCE 4th century ACE
APPENDIX A
A Selected Passages from Egyptian Religious Texts
APPENDIX B
A Selective List of Major Religious Sites in Egypt and Nubia
List of Figures and Maps
FIGURES
The figures are after: J. G. Wilkinson, A Popular Account of the Ancient Egyptians, 2 vols (London, 1878); A. Erman, Life in Ancient Egypt (transl. by H. M. Tirard) (New York, 1971); and W. B. Emery, Archaic Egypt (Harmondsworth, 1963).
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Thoth, god of writing, and Seshat, goddess of writing, who inscribe his name on the Persea tree. Each leaf represented a year of the kings life that the gods had allotted him.
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MAPS
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List of Illustrations
Illustrations in first plate section.
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), and other items were used by a local practitioner of magic.
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Illustrations in second plate section.
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Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Professor J. R. Hinnells, who encouraged me to embark on this book and subsequently offered many helpful suggestions.
For permission to use the photographs, I should like to thank and acknowledge Robert Partridge: the Ancient Egypt Picture Library; and the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester (especially Mr G. Thompson for producing these images). I am grateful to Mr A. Andrew for producing the maps; Mrs Audrey Johnson and Mrs Sue McDade for typing the manuscript; and the publishers, particularly Caroline Pretty and all the members of the production team, for their comments and advice.
Finally, I should especially like to thank my husband for all his help and support throughout the process of writing the book.
A Chronological Table of Egyptian History
Period | Date | Dynasty |
Predynastic Period | c.5000c.3100 BCE |
Archaic Period | c.3100c.2890 BCE | I |
c.2890c.2686 BCE | II |
Old Kingdom | c.2686c.2613 BCE | III |
c.2613c.2494 BCE | IV |
c.2494c.2345 BCE | V |
c.2345c.2181 BCE | VI |
First Intermediate | c.2181c.2173 BCE | VII | Memphite |
Period | c.2173c.2160 BCE | VIII |
c.2160c.2130 BCE | IX | Heracleopolitan |
c.2130c.2040 BCE | X |
c.2133c.1991 BCE | XI | Theban |
Middle Kingdom | 19911786 BCE | XII |
Second Intermediate | 17861633 BCE | XIII |
Period | 1786c.1603 BCE | XIV | Xois |
16741567 BCE |
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