Truth is, as they say, stranger than fiction. Sometimes the search for that truth takes the seeker down dark passages around narrow corners, and brings about meetings with remarkable men. In the search for the true history of psychic spying, I have searched through recently declassified government documents (of which there are too few), read a variety of centuries-old volumes on magic (of which there are too many), and interviewed the top psychic spy the United States Government was fortunate to have on its side (of which there can be only one).
During this journey into the heart of darkness surrounding psychic spying, I was aided and abetted by my mentor and first-line editor, Harold Rabinowitz, and the competence and persistence of my agent, Alex Hoyt.
Special mention must go to Nancy and Joseph McMoneagle, without whose help this book would not have been one-half of what it is; Mel Riley, who graced this work with his moving foreword, and Dr. Edwin May, for his assistance with respect to the criticism of the American Institute of Researchs Evaluation of the government remote-viewing program.
Gratitude is herein paid in advance to all those who will have read this history, opened their minds to the potential that is within all of us, and closed their hearts to those in government who would not have this potential be publicly known. Some secrets must be kept in order to maintain national security. Others, in time, must be revealed in order to maintain the dream for a wiser and more perceptive humanity. It is hoped that, in the twenty-first century, this dream, this vision of a new mankind, will be manifested in reality.
THE KRESS REPORT
Parapsychology in Intelligence
A PERSONAL REVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS
Dr. Kenneth A. Kress
In 1996, after the dissemination of the CIA-sponsored report of the American Institute of Research evaluation of the remote-viewing program, the following report from 1977 was declassified. This report, Parapsychology in Intelligence, was an official admission of the existence of psychic spying and a revelation of the potential operational utility of remote viewing as an intelligence collection tool. It appeared in the Winter 1977 issue of Studies in Intelligence, an in-house publication of the CIA.
The Central Intelligence Agency has investigated the controversial phenomenon called parapsychology as it relates to intelligence collection. The author was involved with many aspects of the last such investigations. This paper summarizes selected highlights of the experiences of the author and others. The intent is not historical completeness. Files are available for those interested in details. Instead, the intent is to record some certainly interesting and possibly useful data and opinions. This record is likely to be of future benefit to those who will be required to evaluate intelligence-related aspects of parapsychology.
The Agency took the initiative by sponsoring serious parapsychological research, but circumstances, biases, and fear of ridicule preventedCIA from completing a scientific investigation of parapsychology and its relevance to national security. During this research period, CIA was buffeted with investigations concerning illegalities and improprieties of all sorts. This situation, perhaps properly so, raised the sensitivity of CIAs involvement in unusual activities. The Proxmire Effect, where the fear that certain government research contracts would be claimed to be illfounded and held up for scorn, was another factor precluding CIA from sensitive areas of research. Also, there tend to be two types of reactions to parapsychology: positive or negative, with little in between. Parapsychological data, almost by definition, are elusive and unexplained. Add a history replete with proven frauds and many people instantly reject the subject, saying, in effect, I would not believe this stuff even if it were true. Others, who must have had personal conversion experiences, tend to be equally convinced that one unexplained success establishes a phenomenon. These prejudices make it difficult to evaluate parapsychology carefully and scientifically.
Tantalizing but incomplete data have been generated by CIA-SPONSORED research. These data show, among other things, that on occasion unexplained results of genuine intelligence significance occur. This is not to say that parapsychology is a proven intelligence tool; it is to say that the evaluation is not yet complete and more research is needed.
Attention is confined to psychokinetics and remote viewing. Psychokinetics is the purported ability of a person to interact with a machine or other object by unexplained means. Remote viewing is akin to clairvoyance in that a person claims to sense information about a site or person from an unknown sensory link.
Anecdotal reports of extrasensory perception (ESP) capabilities have reached U.S. national security agencies at least since World War II, when Hitler was said to rely on astrologers and seers. Suggestions for military applications of ESP continued to be received after World War II. For example, in 1952 the Department of Defense was lectured on the possible usefulness of extrasensory perception in psychological warfare. Over the years, reports continued to accumulate. In 1961, the reports induced one of the earliest U.S. government parapsychology investigations, when the chief of CIAs Office of Technical Service (then the Technical Services Division) became interested in the claims of ESP. Technical project officers soon contacted Stephen I. Abrams, the Director of the Parapsychological Laboratory, Oxford University,England. Under the auspices of Project ULTRA, Abrams prepared a review article which claimed ESP was demonstrated but not understood or controllable. The report was read with interest but produced no further action for another decade.
Two laser physicists, Dr. Russell Targ and Dr. Harold E. Puthoff, reawakened CIA research in parapsychology. Targ had been avocationally interested in parapsychology for most of his adult life. As an experimentalist, he was interested in scientific observations of parapsychology. Puthoff became interested in the field in the early 1970s. He was a theoretician who was exploring new fields of research after extensive work in quantum electronics.
In April of 1972, Targ met with CIA personnel from the Office of Strategic Intelligence (OSI) and discussed the subject of paranormal abilities. Targ revealed that he had contacts with people who purported to have seen and documented some Soviet investigations of psychokinesis. Films of Soviets moving inanimate objects by mental powers were made available to analysts from OSI. They, in turn, contacted personnel from the Office of Research and Development (ORD) and OTS. An ORD project officer then visited Targ, who had recently joined the Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Targ proposed that some psychokinetic verification investigations could be done at SRI in conjunction with Puthoff.
These proposals were quickly followed by a laboratory demonstration. A man was found by Targ and Puthoff who apparently had psychokinetic abilities. He was taken on a surprise visit to a superconducting shielded magnetometer being used in quark (high energy particle) experiments by Dr. A. Hebbard of Stanford University Physics Department. The quark experiment required that the magnetometer be as well shielded as technology would allow. Nevertheless, when the subject placed his attention on the interior of the magnetometer, the output signal was visibly disturbed, indicating a change in the internal magnetic field. Several other correlations of his mental efforts with signal variations were observed. These variations were never seen before or after the visit. The event was summarized and transmitted to the Agency in the form of a letter to an OSI analyst and as discussions with OTS and ORD officers.