John V. Van Cleve - A place of their own: creating the deaf community in America
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A place of their own: creating the deaf community in America
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A Place of Their Own : Creating the Deaf Community in America
author
:
Van Cleve, John V.; Crouch, Barry A.
publisher
:
Gallaudet University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
print isbn13
:
9780930323493
ebook isbn13
:
9780585103280
language
:
English
subject
Deaf--United States--History.
publication date
:
1989
lcc
:
HV2530.V36 1989eb
ddc
:
305.9/08162/0973
subject
:
Deaf--United States--History.
Page iii
A Place of Their Own
Creating the Deaf Community in America
John Vickrey Van Cleve Barry A. Crouch
Gallaudet University Press Washington, D.C.
Page iv
Gallaudet University Press, Washington, DC 20002
1989 by Gallaudet University. All rights reserved
Published 1989. Fifth printing 1998
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Van Cleve, John V. A place of their own : creating the deaf community in America / John J. Vickrey Van Cleve, Barry A. Crouch. p. cm. bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-930323-49-1 1. Deaf-Deaf-United States-History. I. Crouch, Barry A., 1941 II. Title. HV2530.V36 1989 305.9'08162'0973-dc19 88-26996 CIP
Photograph on page 53 courtesy of the North Dakota School for the Deaf. All other photographs courtesy of the Gallaudet University Archives.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Page v
Contents
Preface
vii
Acknowledgments
xi
1 Prophets and Physicians
1
2 To Educate a Deaf Person
10
3 Braidwood and the Bollings
21
4 A Permanent School
29
5 The Residential School Experience
47
6 A Deaf State
60
7 A College
71
8 Organizing
87
9 Cultural Connections
98
10 The Assault on Sign Language
106
11 The Struggle to Save Signs
128
12 Marriage
142
Page vi
13 Employing the Deaf Community
155
14 Epilogue
169
Notes
175
Bibliography
192
Index
201
Page vii
Preface
This study grew out of a pedagogical need. In 1985 we began designing a course called the "History of the American Deaf Community," to be offered for the first time in the fall of 1986 at Gallaudet University. That such a course was only then being developed seems ironic in retrospect. Gallaudet University was more than one hundred years old; the first permanent school for deaf students had opened more than one hundred and fifty years earlier; and the American deaf community had formally established its first national organization more than ten decades earlier. The 1960s had seen a proliferation of courses in colleges, universities, and even secondary schools celebrating the history of various other American minorities, ethnic and religious groups, and women. Yet in the late 1980s Gallaudet University still did not offer a course that would help its students understand their past.
One reason was the lack of the solid historical research upon which any rigorous course must be constructed. With the exception of Jack Gannon, author of Deaf Heritage, deaf people had neither produced their own histories themselves nor attracted the attention of hearing scholars. Deafness for too long had been viewed from the perspective of pathology. In this view, deaf people are diseased or disabledthey lack the attributes of full humanity; therefore, the proper role of the scholar is not to understand deaf people's past for what it might reveal about the human condition but instead to find a cure, a way to make this lamentable conditionand the people who suffer from itdisappear. What could be interesting or important, after allscholars apparently assumedabout the one in one thou-
Page ix
The bulk O the text, however, concerns itself with the nine-teenth century. It was during this one hundred years that a revolution in the lives of deaf Americans occurred, when deaf people forged themselves into something more than a collection of individuals. For the first time, they confronted the hearing world with the strength of an organized group, and they developed strategies to cope with the unique situation in which they found themselves. As one of their leaders, Olof Hanson, wrote in the late nineteenth century, deaf people were "foreigners among a people whose language they [could] never learn."
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.