Judith Z. Abrams - Judaism and disability: portrayals in ancient texts from the Tanach through the Bavli
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Judaism and disability: portrayals in ancient texts from the Tanach through the Bavli
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Portrayals in Ancient Texts from the Tanach through the Bavli
Judith Z. Abrams
Gallaudet University Press WASHINGTON, D.C.
title
:
Judaism and Disability : Portrayals in Ancient Texts From the Tanach Through the Bavli
author
:
Abrams, Judith Z.
publisher
:
Gallaudet University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
print isbn13
:
9781563680687
ebook isbn13
:
9780585105932
language
:
English
subject
Handicapped in the Bible, Handicapped in rabbinical literature, Handicapped--Legal status, laws, etc. (Jewish law) , Capacity and disability (Jewish law) , Bible.--O.T.--Criticism, interpretation, etc, Rabbinical literature--History and criticism.
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
BS1199.A25A27 1998eb
ddc
:
296/.087
subject
:
Handicapped in the Bible, Handicapped in rabbinical literature, Handicapped--Legal status, laws, etc. (Jewish law) , Capacity and disability (Jewish law) , Bible.--O.T.--Criticism, interpretation, etc, Rabbinical literature--History and criticism.
Page iv
Gallaudet University Press Washington, DC 20002
1998 by Gallaudet University. All rights reserved. Published 1998 Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Abrams, Judith Z. Judaism and disability: portrayals in ancient texts from the Tanach through the Bavli /Judith Z. Abrams. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56368-068-8 (alk. paper) 1. Handicapped in the Bible. 2. Handicapped in rabbinical literature. 3. HandicappedLegal status, laws, etc. (Jewish law). 4. Capacity and disability (Jewish law). 5. Bible. O.T.Criticism, interpretation, etc. 6. Rabbinical literatureHistory and criticism. I. Title. BS 1199.A25A27 1998 296'.087dc21 98-17641 CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Page v
For my students... with love and gratitude.
Page vii
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
ix
1 Introduction
1
2 Priestly Perfection
16
3 Persons with Disabilities, Symbolism, and Collective Israel
71
4 Disabilities, Atonement, and Individuals
84
5 Body, Soul, and Society
104
6 Categorization, Disabilities, and Persons with Disabilities
123
7 The River Flows On
198
Notes
207
Glossary
215
Bibliography
219
Index
225
Page ix
Preface and Acknowledgments
The past, they say, is prologue. In the case of attitudes about disabilities and persons with them in ancient Jewish sources, one hopes that this is so, for there is much that has yet to be thought through regarding the topic. The future has yet to be recorded. This book, a historical, literary, and anthropological survey of attitudes toward persons with disabilities in Jewish texts from the Tanach (Jewish Scriptures) through the Bavli (ca. 500 C.E.), offers a view of the prologue. Rather than evaluating ancient works in light of modern mores, it attempts to understand why these works expressed the attitudes they did. Thus viewpoints will be presented that the modern reader may find dismayingfor example, that disabilities are punishments from God, that persons with hearing disabilities have no intelligence, or that birth defects stem from improper sexual practices. These beliefs and attitudes would be deemed harmful and discriminatory today, yet it would be mendacious to present these ancient texts as reflecting modern mores.
A word on methodology is in order. Translations are my own unless otherwise noted. Various versions of the Tanach were used: the Jewish Publication Society commentary on the Torah (various authors and dates of publication), the Jewish Publication Society translation of the Tanach (1917), the Jerusalem Bible (1980), and the Anchor Bible (various authors and dates of publication). Geza Vermes' translations of the Dead Sea Scrolls were used. Other texts used were Albeck's (1952) and Blackman's (1977) Mishnah, Zukermandel's (1970) and Lieberman's (1962) Tosefta, Lauterbach's (1961) and Horovitz's (1970) Mechilta D'Rabbi Ishmael, Finkelstein's Sifre
Page x
Deuteronomy (1969), and Mirkin's (1977) Midrash Rabbah, as well as traditional texts of Midrash Rabbah, Sifra Leviticus, Sifri Numbers, and Tanhuma. Passages from the Yerushalmi are cited according to the P'nei Moshe edition and then according to the Venice edition. Traditional Bavli texts were used when the Steinsaltz (1983) version was not available. Italicized passages indicate that a mishnah is being quoted in the source; boldfaced passages indicate that a tosefta is being quoted. This work began as my doctoral dissertation at Baltimore Hebrew University. It has been completely revised for publication. A glossary of terms is provided for those not familiar with some of the ancient Jewish concepts and practices described here.
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.