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Praise for T HE S CIENTISTS
In many ways The Scientists also serves as a handy reference work. Each scientists story, succinct and entertaining, can be perused and appreciated individually. Historians may quibble over a particular detail or analysis, but no matter. Gribbins work offers general audiences an engaging and informative view of modern sciences prodigious accomplishments since the Renaissance.
The Washington Post
Beginning with Copernicus and the shift from mysticism to reason, Gribbin tracks 500 years of Western-science history through the life stories of the people who charted the course. The text is enlivened by anecdotes that define the characters and their achievements.All fields of science are included. Gribbin carefully illustrates how eachaccomplishment, rather than being an isolated advance, has been part of a burgeoning scientific revolution that continues today.
Science News
The Scientists is best read for its insights into scientific personalities and how science builds on itself. The author, an astrophysicist but better known as a science historian, takes pains to record contributions of relatively unknown scientists whose discoveries led to the insights of sciences stars.
The Columbus Dispatch
The prolific Gribbin has written the human history of the physical sciences. From the Renaissance to today, the cast of major scientific characters includes the exalted and the obscure, and their personal stories make this comprehensive history a page-turner.
Library Journal, Best Science-Technology Books 2003
Populated by [colorful] characters and replete with scientific clarity, Gribbins work is the epitome of what a general-interest history of science should be.
Booklist (starred, boxed review)
A thoroughly readable survey of scientific history, spiced by a brilliant and memorable cast of characters.
Kirkus Reviews
As expansive (and as massive) as a textbook, this remarkably readable popular history explores the development of modern science through the individual stories of philosophers and scientists both renowned and overlooked.The real joy in the book can be found in the way Gribbinrevels not just in the development of science but also in the human details of his subjects lives.
Publishers Weekly
Science buffs will love this book for the nuggets of hard-to-find information.But the book also serves tyros as an excellent introduction to science.
The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC)
A terrific readTell[s] the story of science as a sequence of witty, information-packed talescomplete with humanizing asides, glimpses of the scientists personal life and amusing anecdotes.
The Sunday Times (London), Books of the Year
Excels at making complex science intelligible to the general readerIf youre looking for a book that captures the personal drama and achievement of science, then look no further.
The Guardian
A mythical meeting of minds Aristotle, Hevelius and Kepler arguing about the orbits of comets. From Heveliuss Cometographia, 1668.
Copyright 2002 by John and Mary Gribbin
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Random House Trade Paperbacks, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto.
R ANDOM H OUSE T RADE Paperbacks and colophon are trademarks of Random House, Inc.
This book was originally published in hardcover in the United Kingdom by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books, in 2002 and in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., in 2003.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING - IN - PUBLICATION DATA
Gribbin, John R.
The scientists: a history of science told through the lives of its greatest inventors / John Gribbin.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8129-6788-7
1. ScientistsBiography. 2. ScienceHistory. I. Title.
Q 141. G 79 2003
509.22dc21 2003046607
[B]
Ebook ISBN9780593134030
randomhousebooks.com
v5.4
a
Contents
List of Illustrations
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders. Penguin Books apologizes for any omissions and, if informed of any such cases, would be pleased to update any future editions.
Frontispiece from Heveliuss Cometographia, 1668. Copyright British Library [shelfmark 532.1.8.(1.)].
A plate from Martin Cortes de Albacars Breve compendio de la esfera y de la arte de navigar, 1551. Courtesy of the Science & Society Picture Library.
The Earth-centred Ptolemaic model of the Universe. From Reischs Margarita Philosophica, 1503.
An early version of a Sun-centred Universe. From Rheticuss Narratio Prima, 1596.
Andreas Vesalius. From Vesaliuss De Humani Corporis Fabrica, 1543.
A page from Vesaliuss Tabulae Sex, 1538.
Tychos great quadrant, 1569.
Keplers model of the Universe as a series of nested geometrical shapes. From Keplers Mysterium Cosmographicum, 1596.
Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo with his telescope and the new model of the Universe. From an early English exposition of these ideas, 1640. Photo courtesy Fotomas Index.
Depiction of light waves. From Christiaan Huygenss Trait de la Lumire, 1690. Copyright British Library [shelfmark C.112.f.5].
Robert Boyles apparatus, including his air pump. From Leonard Coles The Book of Chemical Discovery, 1933.
Experiment carried out at Magdeburg, in Germany, in 1654. From von Guerickes Experimenta Nova, 1672. Courtesy of the Science & Society Picture Library.
Title page from Robert Boyles The Sceptical Chymist, 1661.
A louse. From Hookes Micrographia, 1664.
Newtons telescope. From Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1672.
Hevelius calculating star positions using a sextant. From Heveliuss Machina Coelestis, 1673. Courtesy of AKG London.
Newtons sketch of the orbit of the comet seen in 1680.
A page from Newtons papers and letters on Natural Philosophy. University Library, Cambridge [shelfmark MS Add. 3965, ff. 94, 95].
A page from Carl Linannaeuss Ssom Naturforskare Och Lkare, 1746.
Title page of the Systema Naturae, 1740.
The Newcomen engine. Photo courtesy Fotomas Index.
Watts steam engine. Photo courtesy Fotomas Index.
Lavoisiers experiment on human respiration. From Grimauxs Lavoisier, 17431794, 1888.
Title page of Lavoisiers Trait lmentaire de Chimie, 1789.
Demonstration of the way electricity passes through living people and corpses. From Watsons Experiments and Observations, 1748. Courtesy of the Science & Society Picture Library.
Luigi Galvanis experiments with electricity and frogs legs. From