Shobna Nijhawan - Nationalism in the Vernacular: Hindi, Urdu, and the Literature of Indian Freedom

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Nationalism in the
Vernacular

For our entire range of books please use search strings "Orient BlackSwan", "Universities Press India" and "Permanent Black" in store.

Nationalism in the Vernacular

H INDI , U RDU , AND THE L ITERATURE OF I NDIAN F REEDOM

An Anthology edited by

S HOBNA N IJHAWAN

With Introductions by
V ASUDHA D ALMIA AND
C HRISTOPHER S HACKLE

Published by
P E R M A N E N T B L A C K
'Himalayana', Mall Road, Ranikhet Cantt,
Ranikhet 263645
Email:

Distributed by
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Registered Office
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Copyright 2010 S HOBNA N IJHAWAN for the volume

Copyright 2010 C ONTRIBUTORS for their respective essays

eISBN 978-81-7824-440-2

Typeset in Agaramond
by Guru Typograph Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, expect in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests write to the publisher.

Contents

Christopher Shackle
I

Vasudha Dalmia
I

Part 1: Geography, History, and Mythology

Altaf Husain Hali (18371914)
T
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Shahab al-Din Ahmad Saqib (fl. 18571863) and
Hakim Muhammad Ahsan (fl. 18571863)
T
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Pasha Mohamad Khan

Shridhar Pathak (18601928)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Valerie Ritter

Brij Mohan Dattatreya Kaifi (18661955)
A M
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Prempyari Devi (late nineteenth century)
T
Translated from the Hindi by Geeta Patel and
introduced by Shobna Nijhawan

Shiv (late nineteenth century)
A
Translated from the Hindi by Geeta Patel and
introduced by Shobna Nijhawan

Muhammad Iqbal (18791938)
H
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Premchand (18801936)
T
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Allison Busch

Maithilisharan Gupta (18861964)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Pamela Lothspeich

Vrindavanlal Varma (18891966)
R
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Harleen Singh

Part II: Confronting the Colonial State

Bharatendu Harishchandra (18501885)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Vasudha Dalmia

Shibli Nomani (18571914)
Y
W
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
A. Sean Pue

Balmukund Gupta (18651907)
S
Translated from the Hindi by Jason Grunebaum and
Ulrike Stark and introduced by Ulrike Stark

Brij Narain Chakbast (18821926)
A S
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Mehr Farooqi

Josh Malihabadi (18961982)
A
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Ganga Prasad Shrivastav (18901962)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Rahul Bjorn Parson

Saadat Hasan Manto (19121955)
T
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Pasha Mohamad Khan

Part III: Confined Spaces

Munir Shikohabadi (18191881)
O
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Shivrani Devi (d. 1976)
I
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Preetha Mani

Sacchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan Ajneya(19111987)
S
Translated from the Hindi by Vasudha Paramasivan
and introduced by Nikhil Govind

Part IV: Political Nationalism

Akbar Ilahabadi (18461921)
S
B
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Mehr Farooqi

Bharatendu Harishchandra (18501885)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Francesca Orsini

Bharatendu Harishchandra (18501885)
L
Translated from the Hindi by Rupert Snell and
introduced by Vasudha Dalmia

Thakur Jagmohan Singh (18571899)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Robert van de Walle

Zafar Ali Khan (18731956)
I
L
B
I
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Sahajanand Saraswati (18891950)
T
W
Translated from the Hindi by Walter Hauser and
Kailash Chandra Jha and introduced by Walter Hauser

Chaudhuri Abdul Ghani (18901932)
N
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Justin Jones

Part V: Linguistic Nationalism

Bharatendu Harishchandra (18501885)
A D
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Vasudha Dalmia

Ganeshbihari Mishra (187319??),
Shyambihari Mishra (187?1947),
Shukdevbihari Mishra (18791951)
A
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Allison Busch

Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi (18641938)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Sujata Mody

Badrinath Bhatt (18911934)
E
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Avinash Kumar

Part VI: About Women

Sayyid Ahmad Khan (18171898)
L
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Christopher Shackle

Ayodhyasinh Upadhyay Hariaudh (18651947)
A
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Valerie Ritter

Balaji (late nineteenth century)
S
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Shobna Nijhawan

Shiv Sharma (late nineteenth century)
I
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Charu Gupta

Ramrakh Singh Sahgal (18961952)
W
Translated from the Hindi by Balraj Persaud and
introduced by Shobna Nijhawan

Chaturbhuj Ji Divaniya (late nineteenth century)
S
Translated from the Hindi by Sneha Desai and
introduced by Shobna Nijhawan

Jainendra Kumar (19051988)
S
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Sophie Hartman

Part VII: Untouchability

Ramchandra Shukla (late nineteenth century)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Toral Gajarawala

Achhutanand (18791933)
T
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Sarah Beth

Suryakant Tripathi Nirala (18961961)
C
Translated from the Hindi and introduced by
Scott Schlossberg

Part VII: NationalismNightmares and Visions

Hasan Nizami (18781955)
H
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Zain Shirazi

Premchand (18801936)
G
Translated from the Hindi by Gordon C. Roadarmel
and introduced by Vasudha Dalmia

Saadat Hasan Manto (19121955)
T
Translated from the Urdu and introduced by
Richard Delacy

Preface and Acknowledgements

T his anthology comprises a selection of formative literary writings in Hindi and Urdu from the second half of the nineteenth century, leading up to Indian Independence and the creation of Pakistan. The texts are, for the most part, hitherto unpublished translations into English. Their gathering into an anthology is intended to provide a picture of how nationalismas a cultural ideology and political movementwas formed in literature while also forming and informing the political sphere.

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