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Charles Manson - The Second Karmapa Karma Pakshi: Tibetan Mahasiddha

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Charles Manson The Second Karmapa Karma Pakshi: Tibetan Mahasiddha
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The life and writings of a Tibetan meditation master who became the Buddhist priest to two Mongol emperors and is recognized as one of the earliest reincarnated lamas in Tibet.Karma Pakshi is considered influential in the development of the reincarnate lama tradition, a system that led to the lineage of the Dalai Lamas. Born in East Tibet in the thirteenth century, Karma Pakshi himself was the first master to be named Karmapa, a lineage that continues to modern times and has millions of admirers worldwide. During his lifetime, Karma Pakshi was widely acknowledged as a mahsiddhaa great spiritual adeptand was therefore invited to the Mongol court at the apogee of its influence in Asia. He gave spiritual advice and meditation instructions to the emperor Mngke Khan, whom he advised to engage in social policies, release prisoners, and adopt a vegetarian diet. After Mngkes death, Karma Pakshi was imprisoned by the successive emperor Kubilai Khan, and much of Karma Pakshis writing was done while he was captive in northeast China. He was eventually released and returned to Tibet, where he commissioned one of the medieval worlds largest metal statues: a seated Buddha sixty feet high. Centuries later, two Buddhist meditation masters, the First Mingyur Rinpoche and Chgyam Trungpa Rinpoche, were inspired by Karma Pakshi to write meditation practices that are profoundly important to contemporary Tibetan Buddhist practitioners: respectively, the Karma Pakshi Guru Yoga and the Sdhana of Mahmudr. This first-ever comprehensive biography of Karma Pakshi in English reveals new information about a pivotal historical figure in the development of Tibetan Buddhism and his interactions with two Mongol emperors. Also included are translations of several newly available songs attributed to Karma Pakshi and translations of ten excerpts of his writings on reincarnation, meditation, dreams, visionary experiences, tantra, and consecration. Details on the music of Karma Pakshis singing of the mai mantra are also given.ReviewKarma Pakshi, tantric adept and wonderworker, visionary and emissary to the Mongol Khans, has fascinated and inspired generations of Tibetan Buddhists down to the present day. He remains, however, an enigmatic figure, whose writings and history remain poorly known. Charles E. Manson deserves our gratitude for introducing us to the life and work of an important and unusual master in this attractive, accessible volume.Matthew T. Kapstein, author of The Tibetans and Numata Visiting Professor of Buddhist Studies, University of ChicagoKarma Pakshi is a towering figure in Tibetan Buddhism. The first widely recognized reincarnate lama, or tulku, who established the Karmapa lineage, was a poet, a scholar, and an accomplished meditator. Karma Pakshis fascinating story, including his time in the Mongol empire established by Genghis (Chinggis) Khan, is told here with clarity, thoughtfulness, and generosity. Selections from his poetry, visions, and teachings are beautifully translated. This is truly essential reading for those interested in Tibetan Buddhist practice and history.Sam van Schaik, author of Buddhist MagicAbout the AuthorCharles Manson was once a master woodcarver, who then spent several years as a Buddhist monk and meditation retreatant. He later studied at Harvard University where he received a Master of Theological Studies degree. He currently works as a librarian for the Tibetan Collections at the Bodleian Library (Oxford University) and at the British Library in London.

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Shambhala Publications Inc 2129 13th Street Boulder Colorado 80302 w - photo 1
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Shambhala Publications, Inc.

2129 13th Street

Boulder, Colorado 80302

www.shambhala.com

2022 by Charles Manson

Cover art: Robert Fenwick May, Jr.

Cover design: Gopa and Ted2, Inc.

Frontispiece photo Michael McIntyre

Music notation at Dirk de Klerk

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Shambhala Publications is distributed worldwide by Penguin Random House, Inc., and its subsidiaries.

library of congress cataloging-in-publication data

Names: Manson, Charles, author.

Title: The second Karmapa, Karma Pakshi: Tibetan Mahsiddha / Charles Manson.

Description: Boulder: Shambhala, 2022. | Series: Lives of the masters | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021020901 | ISBN 9781559394673 (trade paperback)

eISBN 9780834844506

Subjects: LCSH: Karma-pakshi, Karma-pa II, 1204 or 12061283. | Kar-ma-pa LamasChinaTibetBiography. | Reincarnation. MongoliaHistory13th century. | ChinaHistoryYuan dynasty, 12601368.

Classification: lcc bq 968. a 8767 m 36 2022 | ddc 294.3/923092 [ b ]dc23

lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021020901

a_prh_6.0_141929394_c1_r0

Contents
Series Introduction

Buddhist traditions are heir to some of the most creative thinkers in world history. The Lives of the Masters series offers lively and reliable introductions to the lives, works, and legacies of key Buddhist teachers, philosophers, contemplatives, and writers. Each volume in the Lives series tells the story of an innovator who embodied the ideals of Buddhism, crafted a dynamic living tradition during his or her lifetime, and bequeathed a vibrant legacy of knowledge and practice to future generations.

Lives books rely on primary sources in the original languages to describe the extraordinary achievements of Buddhist thinkers and illuminate these achievements by vividly setting them within their historical contexts. Each volume offers a concise yet comprehensive summary of the masters life and an account of how they came to hold a central place in Buddhist traditions. Each contribution also contains a broad selection of the masters writings.

This series makes it possible for all readers to imagine Buddhist masters as deeply creative and inspired people whose work was animated by the rich complexity of their time and place and how these inspiring figures continue to engage our quest for knowledge and understanding today.

Kurtis Schaeffer , series editor

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to many people and grant institutions who have assisted in the project of researching and writing this work. The project has been a lengthy process, so hopefully I have not omitted any names.

In terms of text research, thanks are due to Burkhard Quessel (British Library) for bringing to my attention Karma Pakshis memoirs; to the Seventeenth Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje for providing a text on Karma Pakshis preincarnations; and to Professor Matthew Kapstein for his advice on Karma Pakshis writings.

For the translation processes, my thanks primarily go to the late Tsering D. Gonkatsang for his patient, diligent, and expert advice. Acknowledgment and thanks are also due to Khenpo Losal, Professor Ulrich Pagel, Thrangu Rinpoche, Professor Charles Ramble, Professor Leonard van der Kuijp, and to Drungyik Tenzin Namgyal.

In terms of writing this book, thanks for advice and information are due to Dr. Ccile Ducher, Dr. Ruth Gamble, Josay Tashi Tsering, Yongey Mingyur Dorje, Dr. Dirk de Klerk, Khenpo Karma David Choephel, Dr. Jann Ronis, Professor Lewis Doney, Dr. Sonam Tsering Ngulphu, Professor Nathan Hill, Catherine Brown, Michele Martin, Kristin Blancke, Michael McCormick, and Michele Laporte.

My thanks for checking on sections of the draft go to Professor Chris Atwood, on the Mongol Empire passages, and to Dr. Roberto Vitali, on the Gya family passage.

Funding for research has come from the Frederick Williamson Memorial Fund (Cambridge), Faculty Fund (Oriental Institute, Oxford), cole Pratique des Hautes tudes (Paris), and the Centre de recherch sur les civilisations de lAsie orientale (Paris).

For the publishing process, my thanks go to Victoria Tubb for her advice on the contract, and to Casey Kemp, Laura Goetz, and Gretchen Gordon for editing.

And all the while, for her patience, encouragement, and support, my heartfelt thanks to Emma.

Karma Pakshi
Introduction

Many people within the Tibetan Buddhism communityboth those born to it and its convertswill be familiar with the name Karma Pakshi (12041283). For a more general public, the thirteenth century that he lived in, in a remote area of the Asian highlands known as Tibet, was for Europeans a period of feudalism and the cultural predominance of the Christian church and its monasteries. Several Christian friar schools were founded during this century, in particular the Franciscans and Dominicans, which led rapidly to some friars missionary work taking place as far afield as China.

The century for China was one of invasions by Chinggis Khan (also known as Genghis Khan) and his descendants, tumultuous years that eventually culminated in some degree of stability with a reunified China under the Yuan dynasty. During the period of Mongolian imperial encroachment into China, Karma Pakshi was probably the only Tibetan ecclesiastic known to preach at the courts of both Mngke Khan and Kubilai Khan in Mongolia and China. He was also the first in his ecclesiastical lineage to be known as Karmapa.

Within the fold of Tibetan Buddhism, the Karmapa lineage of prominent ecclesiastical figureheads is very well known. Each Karmapa is titular head of the Kamtsang branch of the Kagy sect (also known as Kargy). The monastery headquarters for the lineage was at Tsurpu Monastery (forty miles northwest of Lhasa) for almost eight hundred years, until its destruction by the cannons and dynamite of the Peoples Liberation Army in the 1960s. The monastery has since been rebuilt, although a Karmapa has not resided there since 1999. The lineage succession of the Karmapa figureheads has been determined over the centuries by the Tibetan Buddhist tradition of appointing a male child to the position after the death of an incumbent, where the child is considered to be a rebirth of the antecedent Karmapa. The child then usually assumes full authority in his teenage years.

Karma Pakshi is known as being a very early example in Tibetan history of such a child. In his case, his predecessor was a veritable saint: Dsum Khyenpa (11101193). As an adult, Karma Pakshi wrote several times that he was no different from Dsum Khyenpa, his teachers teachers teacher. The guru great-grandfather, so to speak, had died eleven or thirteen years before Karma Pakshis birth. Karma Pakshi was the first to self-identify as Karmapa (he used Karmpa), and eventually Dsum Khyenpa was attributed retrospectively the epithet of First Karmapa. Thus Karma Pakshi is often identified, somewhat loosely, as the first reincarnate, an emanation of a holy being known as a trlku (often commonly rendered as tulku from the Tibetan, or living buddha in modern parlance).

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