Melvyn Bragg - William Tyndale: A Very Brief History
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TYNDALE
THE HISTORY
THE LEGACY
1494 | Born in Melksham Court, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire. The family also went by the name Hychyns (Hitchins), and had moved from Northumberland in the fifteenth century. It was wealthy and well-connected. |
1506 | Went to Magdalen College School. From there he moved to Magdalen College, Oxford University, to begin a Bachelor of Arts degree. |
1512 | Received his BA. Became a sub-deacon. |
1515 | Made a Master of Arts. This allowed him to start to study theology. He showed an exceptional talent as a linguist. |
151721 | Went to Cambridge. Erasmus had studied there and, although he had left in 1512, his influence, particularly his Greek New Testament (1515), was strong. In 1517 Luthers theses of condemnation of the Roman Catholic Church put Europe in an uproar. In 1521 Wolsey burned Luthers works in London. |
1521 | Tyndale became chaplain at the house of Sir John Walsh at Little Sodbury and tutor to his children. He pursued his study of Greek and may have begun translating the New Testament into English. He preached in public. His opinions were controversial. |
1522 | Summoned before John Ball, Chancellor of the Diocese of Worcester, for alleged heretical opinions. The accusation was dropped after a dramatic and demeaning trial. |
1523 | Tyndale moved to London to look for work and the conditions in which he could translate the Bible into English. The Bishop of London, Cuthbert Tunstall, offered him no encouragement, and after a year in London, with the help of a family connection in the wool trade, and during which time he lectured and worked alone, he realized there would be no work for him in London. |
1524 | Tyndale left London for Europe, possibly going to Wittenberg. |
1525 | Completed his translation of the New Testament. Its publication by Peter Quentell in Cologne was interrupted by men in the pay of Henry VIIIs court. |
1526 | Tyndale fled to Worms, and his New Testament was published by Peter Schoeffer. It was smuggled into England and Scotland amid growing anti-Lutheranism. Tyndale was seen as a dangerous Lutheran. Copies of the book were burned in public by Bishop Tunstall, and Cardinal Wolsey condemned Tyndale as a heretic. |
1527 | Published The Parable of the Wicked Mammon , which further inflamed the English establishment. |
1528 | Published The Obedience of a Christian Man , which was much appreciated by Henry VIII, introduced to it by Anne Boleyn. |
1530 | Published The Practice of Prelates , which opposed Henry VIIIs planned annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon. Henry asked Emperor Charles V to have Tyndale arrested and returned to England. Studied Hebrew. |
153034 | Thomas Cromwell made attempts to persuade Tyndale to return. Tyndale involved in a lengthy and incendiary quarrel and correspondence with Sir Thomas More. Living in Antwerp, working on the Old Testament, learning Hebrew, revising the New Testament, which was published in 1534. |
1535 | Tyndale was seized by the imperial authorities in Antwerp, having been betrayed by Henry Phillips, and imprisoned in Vilvoorde Castle near Brussels. |
1535 | Coverdales Bible (in English) was published in London, the first of many Tyndale-dependent versions which peaked in the King James Bible in 1611. Over 90 per cent of the New Testament in that Bible was Tyndales work, and more than 80 per cent in the books of the Old Testament translated by Tyndale. |
1536 | Tyndale was tried on a charge of heresy and condemned to death. On 6 October Tyndale was strangled to death while tied to the stake and his body was burned. His last words were, Lord, open the King of Englands eyes! |
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