Ronald Potter-Efron, MSW, PhD, is director of the anger management clinic at First Things First Counseling in Eau Claire, WI. He is author of many books about anger, including Angry All the Time, Letting Go of Anger, Rage, and The Handbook of Anger Management.
A powerful application of recent brain science to the field of anger management. Get this book and pay attention to what it says.
Rich Pfeiffer, MDiv, PhD, director of Growth Central
Healing the Angry Brain is as thorough a work on the neurobiology of anger as you will find anywhere. In addition to a comprehensive description of the biological and psychological functions of anger, it gives lots of practical advice on regulating anger in the context of a full and healthy emotional life.
Steven Stosny, PhD, author of Love without Hurt, How Improve Your Marriage without Talking about It, and Treating Attachment Abuse
Psychotherapists are always asking neuroscientists, How does understanding the brain help me to help my clients? In Healing the Angry Brain, Ronald Potter-Efron provides an answer. Through a combination of clinical expertise and clear scientific information, he guides the reader to a better understanding of anger while providing a roadmap to relational and inner peace.
Lou Cozolino, professor of psychology at Pepperdine University
Publishers Note
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. If expert assistance or counseling is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Distributed in Canada by Raincoast Books
Copyright 2012 by Ronald Potter-Efron
New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
5674 Shattuck Avenue
Oakland, CA 94609
www.newharbinger.com
The HEALS technique is a registered trademark of Steven Stosny, PhD.
Acquired by Jess OBrien; Edited by Jasmine Star; Cover design by Amy Shoup; Text design by Tracy Carlson
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Potter-Efron, Ronald T.
Healing the angry brain : how understanding the way your brain works can help you control anger and aggression / Ronald Potter-Efron.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-60882-133-4 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-60882-134-1 (pdf e-book) -- ISBN 978-1-60882-135-8 (epub)
1. Anger. 2. Control (Psychology) I. Title.
BF575.A5.P844 2012
152.47--dc23
2011044862
Dedicated to Lou Cozolino, my mentor, without whom I could never have written this book, and to my wife, Patricia Potter-Efron, who convinced me to try.
Acknowledgments
T he first person I want to thank is my wife and frequent coauthor, Patricia Potter-Efron. It was Pat who gently but persistently encouraged me to write a book on the angry brain. Indeed, she suggested I do so about five years ago. It took three of those years for her to convince me it was something that should be done and that I could do it.
Louis Cozolino, PhD, has been my mentor and colleague throughout the process. He has reviewed every chapter and helped me avoid writing about possible brain pathways as if they were certainties. Because of Lou, I believe that everything in these pages reflects established brain science. Hes been a pleasure to work with.
I wish to express my appreciation to several well-known, highly respected, and undoubtedly very busy scientists and researchers who took the time to answer my e-mails and phone calls. These include Steven Stosny, who kindly allowed me to describe his method of healing resentments in detail in ; Robert Sapolsky of Stanford University (author of WhyZebrasDont Get Ulcers and an expert on the linkages between fear, anger, and aggression); Allan Siegel, who has studied animal aggression for decades and has written the definitive work on the subject (TheNeurobiologyofAggressionandRage); and Sebern Fisher, whose writings and personal communications helped me understand how neurofeedback can lessen anger. Conversations with my friend James Peterson, PhD, an expert on neurofeedback, also helped me in this regard.
I also want to thank Jess OBrien, my editor at New Harbinger Publications, as well the entire staff at New Harbinger and founder Matthew McKay. This is my eighth book with that organization, and I continue to respect their professionalism and high standards. Thanks also to Jennifer Berger, who drew the preliminary diagrams that led to those published in this book. It has also been a pleasure working with copyeditor Jasmine Star, whose eye for both content and appearance has greatly improved the quality of the work.
As usual, my colleagues at First Things First Counseling and Consulting have been tremendously supportive: Pat Potter-Efron, Ed and Judy Ramsey, Carla Peterson, Linda Klitzke, Margo Hecker, Dave Sommers, Bruce Pamperin, Richard Fuhrer, Shawn Allen, and Pat Gaulke. Working with these wonderful people makes coming to the office a joy.
Introduction
H ealing the Angry Brain is intended for people with angry brains. An angry brain is one that has programmed you to do some or all of these things:
- Consciously and subconsciously get angry at a moments notice
- Become very excited and agitated when you do get angry
- Have trouble thinking or planning because your anger is so strong
- Act impulsively on your anger and frequently regret what you did afterward
- Have difficulty listening to others because you are so angry
- Hold on to your anger until you become overloaded with resentment
- Fly into dangerous rages that leave you feeling out of control of your own body
- Develop a worldview in which most or all people are perceived as enemies
Of course, an angry brain is interconnected with an angry body. Your angry brain promotes angry actions, and those behaviors in turn influence every neuron in your brain. In other words, angry brains create angry bodies, which create angry brains, in a vicious cycle that can trap you in an unnecessarily angry world. And worst of all, you might not even realize whats happening. Your angry brain has a way of convincing you that your angry thoughts, feelings, and actions are perfectly normal.
In recent decades, the brain has become a bit less mysterious. Brain scanning and imaging machines now provide much information about how the human brains electrical and chemical systems work. However, the brain is tremendously complex. It has billions of neurons that create trillions of linkages. So its probably safe to say that nobody really understands the human brain yet. In any case, a complete review of how the brain works is way beyond the scope of this book. Instead, Ill describe a few areas of the brain that are highly associated with anger and aggression. These areas are generally part of the limbic system, an evolutionarily older part of the brain where emotions first developed. Well look at how the limbic system normally works to process anger effectively. And then well explore what can go wrong within the limbic system and other areas of the brain to potentially lead to the development of an angry brain. Most importantly, Ill suggest techniques that can help you change your brain, to end angers dominance and to be more flexible and effective in your daily life. The goal of this book is to help you do all of the following:
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