Storrs - The Spanish Resurgence, 1713-1748

THE SPANISH RESURGENCE,
17131748

THE LEWIS WALPOLE SERIES IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CULTURE AND HISTORY

The Lewis Walpole Series, published by Yale University Press with the aid of the Annie Burr Lewis Fund, is dedicated to the culture and history of the long eighteenth century (from the Glorious Revolution to the accession of Queen Victoria). It welcomes work in a variety of fields, including literature and history, the visual arts, political philosophy, music, legal history, and the history of science. In addition to original scholarly work, the series publishes new editions and translations of writing from the period, as well as reprints of major books that are currently unavailable. Though the majority of books in the series will probably concentrate on Great Britain and the Continent, the range of our geographical interests is as wide as Horace Walpoles.

Published with assistance from the Annie Burr Lewis Fund.

Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Henry Weldon Barnes of the Class of 1882, Yale College.

Copyright 2016 by Christopher Storrs.

All rights reserved.

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016934660

ISBN 978-0-300-21689-9 (cloth : alk. paper)

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This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For all Catz men and women

CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
The Army

CHAPTER TWO
The Fleet

CHAPTER THREE
Finances

CHAPTER FOUR
Government and Politics

CHAPTER FIVE
Foral Spain

CHAPTER SIX
Italy and Identity

CHAPTER SEVEN
Spains Resurgence, 17131748

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The despatch of this book to the publisher brings with it the delightful task of thanking those who have helped in their different ways to complete something which has been far too long in the making. I must first acknowledge the support given by the Arts and Humanities Research Council in the form of a grant of matching research leave, under the now-defunct scheme of funding projects close to their completion, and by the University of Dundee for matching that award. Unfortunately, my expectation that the book was like ripe fruit just waiting to be picked proved very far from the reality. Equally important have been the many small grants received over the years from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, for which all thanks. At the University of Dundee, my colleagues have contributed to a sense of community and general good humour which has been a great help. I want particularly to single out Jim Livesey because he it was who, having kindly agreed to read my typescript, suggested I send it to Yale University Press. How perceptive, bingo! At Yale, Chris Rogers responded so enthusiastically and promptly to my proposal and chapters, while Erica Hanson has been enormously helpful in seeing the book through to publication; thank you both. I am likewise greatly indebted to Yales anonymous readers; their suggestions have surely improved the final version of the book. My copyeditor at Yale University Press, Lawrence Kenney, made an initially daunting task much easier than I could have expected, as did Jeff Schier; thank you also. Many colleagues, fellow Hispanists, and others have expressed an interest in this book along the way, too many to be named individually. However, I must thank Julio Muoz for his gift of a copy of his excellent book on Murcia in the War of the Spanish Succession. The Oropesa club moves on. I am much obliged also to those whose friendship and occasional hospitality have contributed to the successful conclusion of this project, including Lorraine Goodhew, Nick McGill, and Richard Beville in London, and my former student, now my peer, Nicolanow Dr.Cowmeadow. Much of the introduction was published as The Spanish Risorgimento in the Western Mediterranean and Italy 17071748 in volume 42 of the European History Quarterly in 2012 and is reproduced with the permission of SAGE publications. Finally, but in fact first and foremost, I want to thank my bestmy kindestreader, critic, and editor, my wife and now also my peer, Anne-Marienow Dr.Storrs. Without her remarkable generosity, kindness, affection, and patience this book might well never have been completed. Many authors take this opportunity to observe that their children make clear what is really important to them in life; for me it is Anne-Marie.

NOTE ON MONEY

General

1 real = 34 maraveds (the maraved being the lowest denomination in circulation),

10 reales = 340 maraveds = 1 escudo (coin of account) or crown = just over 1 German florin

11 reales = 1 ducado,

15 reales = 1 peso, and

60 reales = 1 dobln

1 pistole = 6 escudos

1 florin (= 20 stivers) = 6.66 velln reales (because 9 florins = dobln [1725])

1 piastre = 27 maraveds

1 peso fuerte = silver 8-real piece = piastre (increasingly known as dollar)

Sources: Henry Kamen, The War of Succession in Spain 17001715 (London: Weidenfeld, 1969), 16869, 398; Eugenio Larruga, Memorias polticas y econmicas sobre los frutos, comercio, fbricas y minas de Espaa, 45 vols. (Madrid, 17871800), 1:73; Jos I. Aparicio, Norte fixo y promptuario seguro para la ms clara y breve inteligencia del valor de todas las monedas usuales y corrientes del continente de Espaa (Madrid, 1741); Gernimo de Uztriz, Theory and Practice of Commerce and Maritime Affairs, translated by John Kippax, 2 vols. (London, 1752), 1:88, 164; John J. McCusker, Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 16001775, A Handbook (London: University of North Carolina Press, 1978); Diplomacia Secreta y Paz: La correspondencia de los embajadores espaoles en Viena Juan Guillermo Ripperda y Luis Ripperda (17241727) / Geheimdiplomatie und Friede; Die Korrespondenz der spanischen Botschafter in Wien Johan Willem Ripperda und Ludolf Ripperda (17241727), edited by Ana Mur Raurell, 2 vols. (Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperacin, 2011) 1:161, 2:333, 367; Antonio M. Bernal, Espaa, proyecto inacabado (Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2005), 297; Jos de Santiago Fernndez, Poltica Monetaria en Castilla durante el Siglo XVII (Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y Len, 2000), 24961.

Examples

1722: 2,101,255,529 maraveds (net value of the Castilian