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P.U. Giacomoni - Comprehensive Series in Photosciences, Volume 3

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Comprehensive Series in Photosciences, Volume 3: summary, description and annotation

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Sun Protection in Man looks at the beneficial and harmful effects of solar radiation. The physiological consequences of sun exposure have been systematically studied starting at the end of the nineteenth century and we now have accumulated knowledge about how Caucasian and Asian skins reacts to solar radiation. The chemical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation have been analyzed with particular emphasis during the second half of the twentieth century. Research on micro-organisms has allowed us to understand the mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis and photosensitization. Studies with laboratory rodents have opened the path to the understanding of UV-induced immune-depression, carcinogenesis, photo-damage and photo-aging. The results of these studies have enabled other scientists to investigate the same phenomena in human organs such as the skin and the eye. UV radiation damages hair, as well. The present knowledge in these fields is summarized in some of the chapters...

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Comprehensive Series in Photosciences
Volume 3
Sun Protection in Man

Paolo U. Giacomoni

Executive Director, Research and Development, Clinique Laboratories, 125 Pinelawn Road, Melville, NY 11747, USA

ISSN 1568-461X
Volume 3 Number (C) 2001

Comprehensive Series in Photosciences Series Editors Donat-P Hder and Giulio - photo 1

Comprehensive Series in Photosciences

Series Editors: Donat-P. Hder and Giulio Jori

Titles in this series:

Volume 1 Photomovement

Edited by: D.-P. Hder and M. Lebert

Volume 2 Photodynamic Therapy and Fluorescence Diagnosis in Dermatology

Edited by: P.-G. Calzavara-Pinton, R.-M. Szeimies and B. Ortel

Volume 3 Sun Protection in Man

Edited by: P.U. Giacomoni

Front Matter

COMPREHENSIVE SERIES IN PHOTOSCIENCES VOLUME 3

Sun Protection in Man

Editor

Paolo U. Giacomoni

Executive Director

Research and Development

Clinique Laboratories

125 Pinelawn Road

Melville, NY 11747

USA

AMSTERDAM LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SHANNON TOKYO Copyright page ELSEVIER - photo 2

AMSTERDAM LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SHANNON TOKYO

Copyright page

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First edition 2001

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalog record from the Library of Congress has applied for.

ISBN: 0-444-50839-2

ISSN: 1568-461X

Picture 3 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

Printed in The Netherlands

Series Editors Preface

Donat-P. Hder and Giulio Jori

Its not the substance, its the dose which makes something poisonous!

When Paracelsius, a German physician of the 16th century made this statement he probably did not think of light as one of the most obvious environmental. But his statement applies as well to light. While we need light for example for vitamin D production too much light might cause skin cancer. The dose makes the difference. These diverse findings of light effects attracted the attention of scientists for centuries. The photosciences represent a dynamic multidisciplinary field which includes such diverse subjects as behavioral responses of single cells, cures for certain types of cancer and protective potential of tanning lotions. It includes photobiology and photochemistry, photomedicine as well as the technology for light production, filtering and measurement. Light is a common theme in all these areas. In the last decades a more molecular centered approach changed both the depth and the quality of the theoretical as well as the experimental foundation of photosciences.

An example for the relationship between global environment and the biosphere is the recent discovery of ozone depletion and the resulting increase in high energy ultraviolet radiation. The hazardous effects of high energy ultraviolet radiation on all living systems is now well established. This discovery of the result of ozone depletion put photosciences in the center of public interest with the result that in an unparalleled effort scientists and politicians worked closely together to come to international agreements to stop the pollution of the atmosphere.

The changed recreational behavior and the correlation with several diseases in which sunlight or artificial light sources play a major role in the causation of clinical conditions (e.g. porphyrias, polymorphic photodermatoses, Xeroderma pigmentosum and skin cancers) have been well documented. As a result in some countries (i.e. Australia) public services inform people about the potential risk of extended periods of sun exposure for every day. The problems are often aggravated by the phototoxic or photoallergic reactions produced by a variety of environmental pollutants, food additives or therapeutic and cosmetic drugs. On the other hand, if properly used, light-stimulated processes can induce important beneficial effects in biological systems, such as the elucidation of several aspects of cell structure and function. Novel developments are centered around photodiagnostic and phototherapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer, artherosclerosis, several autoimmune diseases, neonatal jaundice and others. In addition, classic research areas like vision and photosynthesis are still very active. Some out of these developments are unique to photobiology, since the peculiar physicochemical properties of electronically excited biomolecules often lead to the promotion of reactions which are characterized by high levels of selectivity in space and time. Besides the biologically centered areas, technical developments have paved the way for the harnessing of solar energy to produce warm water and electricity or the development of environmentally friendly techniques for addressing problems of large social impact (e.g. the decontamination of polluted waters). While also in use in Western countries, these techniques are of great interest for developing countries.

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