Perihan Elif Ekmekci - Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics

Springer Briefs in Ethics envisions a series of short publications in areas such as business ethics, bioethics, science and engineering ethics, food and agricultural ethics, environmental ethics, human rights and the like. The intention is to present concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across a wide spectrum. envisions a series of short publications in areas such as business ethics, bioethics, science and engineering ethics, food and agricultural ethics, environmental ethics, human rights and the like. The intention is to present concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across a wide spectrum.

Springer Briefs in Ethics are seen as complementing monographs and journal articles with compact volumes of 50 to 125 pages, covering a wide range of content from professional to academic. Typical topics might include: are seen as complementing monographs and journal articles with compact volumes of 50 to 125 pages, covering a wide range of content from professional to academic. Typical topics might include:

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10184

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When the effort to understand and explain the universe is combined with human creativity and future design, we see works in the field of science fiction. One of the pioneers of this combination was undoubtedly Jules Verne and his brilliant works. His book From the Earth to the Moon, published in 1865, was one of the first examples of the genre of a science fiction novel. However, science fiction has always been ahead of its era. A real journey to the moon was accomplished only in 1969, about a century after the publication of the book.

The twentieth century was a period in which scientific developments progressed with giant steps. In the twenty-first century, we are now in an age in which scientific knowledge increases logarithmically, and the half-life of knowledge is very short. The amount of information to be possessed has grown hugely and varied so much that it has reached a level that is well above human control.

The book you are holding is about Artificial Intelligence (AI) and bioethics. It is intended to draw attention to the value problems of an enormous phenomenon with uncertain limits on human creativity. The book consists of the following chapters.

The first section is History of Artificial Intelligence. In this section, a historical perspective of the development of technology and AI is presented. We take a quick tour from ancient philosophers to Rene Descartes, from Lady Ada to Alan Turing, the prominent pioneers of the AI concept who contributed to philosophy and actual creation of this new phenomenon of whom some suffered many injustices during their lifetimes. This section ends with a short description of the state of the art of AI.

The second section is Definitions. This section aims to explain some of the key terms used in the book to familiarize them with readers. We also aim to search the answer to the following question: what makes an entityhuman or machineintelligent? In the face of this fundamental question, relevant concepts such as strong AI, weak AI, heuristic, Turing test, which have become increasingly clear over time, have been discussed separately in the light of literature.

The Personhood and Artificial Intelligence section address a fundamental question about the ethical agency of AI. Personhood is an important philosophical, psychological, and legal concept for AI because of its implications about moral responsibility. Didnt the law build all punishment on the admission that individuals with personhood should at the same time be responsible for what they do (and sometimes do not)? Until recently, we all lived in a world dominated by an anthropocentric approach. Human beings have always been at the top of the hierarchy among all living and non-living entities and ever the most valuable. However, the emerging of AI and its potential to improve into human-level or above human-level intelligence challenges human beings superior position by claiming to be acknowledged to have personhood. Many examples of daily life, such as autonomous vehicles, military drones, early warning systems, are discussed in this section.

The following section is on bioethical inquiries about AI. The first question is on the main differences between conventional technology and AI and if the current ethics of technology can be applied to ethical issues of AI.

After discussing the differences between conventional technology and AI and justifying our arguments about the need for a new ethical frame, we highlight the bioethical problems arising from the current and future AI technologies. We address the Asilomar Principles, the Montreal Declaration, and the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI of the European Commission as examples of suggested frameworks for ethics of AI. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these documents. This section ends with our suggestion for the fundamentals of the new bioethical frame for AI.