Copyright
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom
525 B Street, Suite 1650, San Diego, CA 92101, United States
50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publishers permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-12-819092-0
For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher: Andre Gerhard Wolff (ELS-SPA)
Acquisitions Editor: Kattie Washington
Editorial Project Manager: Timothy Bennett
Production Project Manager: Selvaraj Raviraj
Cover Designer: Matthew Limbert
Typeset by SPi Global, India
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Ebtesam A. Abdel-Shafy 43 Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Division of Environmental Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab 457 Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Mohammad Abdollahi 53, 119 Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS); Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nour Hamid Abdurahman 347 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha 337 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Wale J. Adeyemi 491 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
Hizlan Hincal Agus 33 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
Quadri K. Alabi 491 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
Oluwaseun Ruth Alara 347 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
Dulce E. Alarcn Yaquetto 519 High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Doaa Abd Al-Hady 527 Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, (NRC), Giza, Egypt
Sanaa A. Ali 527 Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
Tariq Al-Talhi 505 Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Mara Olimpia Paz Alvarenga 127 Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par, Belm, Par, Brazil
Hanan F. Aly 527 Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
Hatim Matuq M. Al-Yasi 505 Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Arturo Anadn 263 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Walessa Alana Bragana Arago 137 Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par, Belm, Par, Brazil
Irma Ares 263 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
M. Aylin Arici 447 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
Myriam Arriaga-Alba 23 Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Thilona Arumugam 181 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Mehmet Nuri Atalar 281 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Igdr University, Igdr, Turkey
Yasemin Aydin 145, 435 Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Carlos Alberto Ayhllon-Osorio 297 Departamento de Biologa Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologa Celular, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mxico, Mexico
Giuseppina Basta 307 Vascular Biology Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
Abdulhamit Battal 541 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt 137, 157 Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par, Belm, Par, Brazil
ffet pek Bogelmez 397 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
Armando Butanda-Ochoa 297 Departamento de Biologa Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologa Celular, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mxico, Mexico
Isa CAM 233 Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
Esra Capanoglu 201 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Gizem Catalkaya 201 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Tiziana Cervelli 307 Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
Fatma Duygu Ceylan 201 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey