Dwight D. Bowman MS PhD - Georgis Parasitology for Veterinarians, 9th Edition

GEORGIS PARASITOLOGY FOR VETERINARIANS

NINTH EDITION

DWIGHT D. BOWMAN, MS, PhD

Professor of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Copyright

SAUNDERS

ELSEVIER

11830 Westline Industrial Drive

St. Louis, Missouri 63146

GEORGIS PARASITOLOGY FOR VETERINARIANS, Ninth Edition ISBN: 978-1-4160-4412-3

Copyright 2009, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1990, 1985, 1980, 1974, 1969 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out or related to any use of the material contained in this book. The Publisher

ISBN: 978-1-4160-4412-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bowman, Dwight D.

Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. 9th ed. / Dwight D. Bowman.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4160-4412-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Veterinary parasitology. I. Georgi, Jay R., 1928- II. Title.

III. Title: Parasitology for veterinarians.

SF810.A3B74 2009

636.089'696dc22

2008031763

Vice President: Linda Duncan

Publisher: Penny Rudolph

Managing Editor: Jolynn Gower

Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian

Senior Project Manager: Anne Altepeter

Design Manager: Amy Buxton

Printed in China

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Saunders Elsevier

Contributors

Mark L. Eberhard, PhD , Chief, Biology and Diagnostics Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, Histopathologic Diagnosis

Marshall W. Lightowlers, BSc Hons, PhD , Professor, Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, Commercial Antiparasite Vaccines (Table A-7)

Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD , Endowed Chair Professor, Krull-Ewing Chair in Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, Vector-Borne Diseases

Randy C. Lynn, MS, DVM, DACVCP , Director, Professional Services Group, IDEXX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina, Antiparasitic Drugs

Preface

In the ninth edition of Georgis Parasitology for Veterinarians, the text begun by Jay and Marion Georgi, I have worked to change most of the images to a color format. Fortunately, many of the images that were originally captured by the Georgis in black and white were also photographed in color, making it possible to have many of the same images appear in this edition as they were originally viewed. At the same time, not every single image was available in color, and some would not benefit much by a color presentation. The various images that were captured using differential interference contrast, especially the unstained nematodes, appear basically gray under the microscope and remain just as crisp in a black and white format as they would in color. Also, some of the black and white images have been retained because they are historical and represent prior work that was done at a time when black and white art was the major form of presenting illustrations in publications, as in the images originally collected by Dr. John H. Whitlock and images that were published elsewhere in black and white. In some cases, color images were not available for every single parasite in a plate, and in those cases the black and white plates were maintained, giving us something to strive for in the next edition.

The American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) has worked hard, through the donated time of Drs. Anne M. Zajac of Virginia Tech and Gary A. Conboy of the University of Prince Edward Island, to generate a color edition of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology. This is a great book, and I consider it an excellent ancillary text for anyone routinely working on parasite diagnosis. The funds generated by their text support the continued efforts of the AAVP, and I strongly support use of the text.

I have had a good deal of help in preparing this edition. Dr. Hanni Lee, now in a residency in Comparative Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, helped with preparing many of the color images of arthropods, protozoa, and platyhelminths for the text, and her help is greatly appreciated. Dr. Danielle Armato, now practicing veterinary medicine in Manhattan, assisted with a rewrite of the section regarding annotated parasite lists in the chapter on diagnostics to make them more informative. Dr. Araceli Lucio-Forster, with me here at Cornell, through her work in diagnostic instruction of third- and fourth-year veterinary students helped find many of the additional parasites, eggs, and cysts that have been added new in color format. Overall, this has been labor intensive, but great fun. Drs. Lee, Armato, and Lucio-Forster have worked hard to help give the new edition its new look.

I have tried to update the text while also keeping basically the same structure of the older editions. Because of the current interest in vector-transmitted disease, I asked Dr. Susan E. Little, who holds the endowed Krull-Ewing Chair in Veterinary Parasitology at Oklahoma State University, to add a chapter on these diseases for this edition. We parasitologists never could figure out the best way to fit into a text the various microbes that do not usually fall under the umbrella of animal parasitology but yet are pathogens that we believe need to be discussed. I think readers will find the chapter very helpful.

In his chapter and throughout the text, Dr. Randy C. Lynn, of IDEXX Pharmaceuticals, worked to update information on all the antiparasitics currently in use. We have also worked to upgrade the tables of antiparasitics in the major hosts; however, it is almost impossible to keep the list up to datean indication of how great an effort is expended by our industrial colleagues to continuously supply better products for parasite control and treatment. To Dr. Lynns chapter on antiparasitics has also been added a table by Dr. Marshall W. Lightowlers, associate professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Melbourne, on vaccines against parasites. Not all of these vaccines may be available in the United States, but they are out there, have been used in some regions for years, and still show great promise in some areas for parasite control. It seemed time to try and summarize them for practitioners.

Dr. Mark L. Eberhard, of the Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has reworked the chapter on parasites in tissue sections. This chapter could be a book in its own right, but as it is serves as a very good introduction to how to identify the parasites that pathologists see. It is hoped that the color images help in presentation of this material.