Yunus A. Cengel Dr. - ISE Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences (ISE HED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

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FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES

SIXTH EDITION

YUNUS A. ENGEL

Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada, Reno

JOHN M. CIMBALA

Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering The Pennsylvania State University

AFSHIN J. GHAJAR

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State University, Stillwater

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FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Yunus A. engel is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from North Carolina State University. His areas of interest are renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy policies, heat transfer enhancement, and engineering education. He served as the director of the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at the University of Nevada, Reno, from 1996 to 2000. He has led teams of engineering students to numerous manufacturing facilities in Northern Nevada and California to perform industrial assessments and has prepared energy conservation, waste minimization, and productivity enhancement reports for them. He has also served as an advisor for various government organizations and corporations.

Dr. engel is also the author or coauthor of the widely adopted textbooks Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (9th ed., 2019), Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications (6th ed., 2020), Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (2nd ed., 2008), Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (4th ed., 2018), Essentials of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (1st ed., 2008), Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists (1st ed., 2013), Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy (1st ed., 2020), and Energy Efficiency and Management for Engineers (1st ed., 2020), all published by McGraw-Hill. Some of his textbooks have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Italian, Greek, and French.

Dr. engel has delivered several keynote and invited lectures at technical conferences and academic institutions. He is the recipient of several outstanding teacher awards, and he has received the ASEE Meriam/Wiley Distinguished Author Award for excellence in authorship twice.

John M. Cimbala is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. He received his B.S. in Aerospace Engineering from Penn State and his M.S. in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). He received his Ph.D. in Aeronautics from CalTech in 1984 under the supervision of Professor Anatol Roshko, to whom he will be forever grateful. His research areas include experimental and computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer, turbulence, turbulence modeling, turbomachinery, indoor air quality, and air pollution control. Professor Cimbala completed sabbatical leaves at NASA Langley Research Center (19931994), where he advanced his knowledge of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and at Weir American Hydro (20102011), where he performed CFD analyses to assist in the design of hydroturbines.

Dr. Cimbala is the coauthor of Indoor Air Quality Engineering: Environmental Health and Control of Indoor Pollutants (2003), published by Marcel-Dekker, Inc.; Essentials of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (2008); Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 4th ed. (2018), and Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy (2020), all published by McGraw-Hill. He has also contributed to parts of other books, and is the author or coauthor of dozens of journal and conference papers. He has also recently published a nontechnical novel. More information can be found at www.mne.psu.edu/cimbala.

page iv Professor Cimbala is the recipient of several outstanding teaching awards and views his book writing as an extension of his love of teaching. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), and the American Physical Society (APS).

Afshin J. Ghajar is Regents Professor and John Brammer Professor in the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, and an Honorary Professor of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees, all in mechanical engineering, from Oklahoma State University. His expertise is in experimental heat transfer/fluid mechanics and the development of practical engineering correlations. Dr. Ghajar has made significant contributions to the field of thermal sciences through his experimental, empirical, and numerical works in heat transfer and stratification in sensible heat storage systems, heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids, heat transfer in the transition region, and non-boiling heat transfer in two-phase flow. His current research is in two-phase flow heat transfer/pressure drop studies in pipes with different orientations, heat transfer/pressure drop in mini/micro tubes, and mixed convective heat transfer/pressure drop in the transition region (plain and enhanced tubes). Dr. Ghajar has been a Summer Research Fellow at Wright Patterson AFB (Dayton, Ohio) and Dow Chemical Company (Freeport, Texas). He and his co-workers have published over 200 reviewed research papers. He has delivered numerous keynote and invited lectures at major technical conferences and institutions.

He has received several outstanding teaching, research, advising, and service awards from the College of Engineering at Oklahoma State University. His latest significant awards are the 75th Anniversary Medal of the ASME Heat Transfer Division in recognition of his service to the heat transfer community and contributions to the field, awarded in 2013. He received the ASME ICNMM 2016 Outstanding Leadership Award, which recognizes a person whose service within the ICNMM (International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels) is exemplary. He also received the 2017 Donald Q. Kern Award in recognition of his outstanding leadership in the field of heat exchangers and two-phase flow, book and archival publications, and service to the academic and industrial profession. Dr. Ghajar is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Heat Transfer Series Editor for CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, and Editor-in-Chief of