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Thomas H. Conner - War and Remembrance: The Story of the American Battle Monuments Commission (AUSA Books)

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War and Remembrance: The Story of the American Battle Monuments Commission (AUSA Books): summary, description and annotation

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No soldier could ask for a sweeter resting place than on the field of glory where he fell. The land he died to save vies with the one which gave him birth in paying tribute to his memory, and the kindly hands which so often come to spread flowers upon his earthly coverlet express in their gentle task a personal affection.General John J. Pershing
To remember and honor the memory of the American soldiers who fought and died in foreign wars during the past hundred years, the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) was established. Since the agency was founded in 1923, its sole purpose has been to commemorate the soldiers service and the causes for which their lives were given. The twenty-five overseas cemeteries honoring 139,000 combat dead and the memorials honoring the 60,314 fallen soldiers with no known graves are among the most beautiful and meticulously maintained shrines in the world.
In the first comprehensive study of the ABMC, Thomas H. Conner traces how the agency came to be created by Congress in the aftermath of World War I, how the cemeteries and monuments the agency built were designed and their locations chosen, and how the commemorative sites have become important outposts of remembrance on foreign soil. War and Remembrance powerfully demonstrates that these monumentsliving sites that embody the role Americans played in the defense of freedom far from their own shoresassist in understanding the interconnections of memory and history and serve as an inspiration to later generations.

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War and RemembranceAUSA BOOKS SERIES EDITOR Joseph Craig WAR and - photo 1
War and Remembrance
AUSA BOOKS
SERIES EDITOR: Joseph Craig
WAR and Remembrance The Story of the American Battle Monuments Commission - photo 2
WAR and Remembrance
The Story of the American Battle Monuments Commission
THOMAS H. CONNER
FOREWORD BY JAMES SCOTT WHEELER
Copyright 2018 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the - photo 3
Copyright 2018 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 405084008
www.kentuckypress.com
Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-8131-7631-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-8131-7633-8 (pdf)
ISBN 978-0-8131-7632-1 (epub)
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Picture 4
Manufactured in the United States of America
Member of the Association of University Presses
To Gene S. Dellinger,
and to the memory of my father, Norman H. Conner
Contents
by James Scott Wheeler
Foreword Thomas H Conners War and Remembrance is a superb history of the - photo 5
Foreword Thomas H Conners War and Remembrance is a superb history of the - photo 6
Foreword Thomas H Conners War and Remembrance is a superb history of the - photo 7
Foreword
Thomas H. Conners War and Remembrance is a superb history of the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC). The ABMC was created in 1923 to deal with the bodies of Americans who died overseas during the First World War. The agency also was entrusted with the task of creating and maintaining the cemeteries and monuments in Europe to honor and memorialize the service and sacrifices of over one hundred thousand men and women who died in that war. Conners well-documented book tells the fascinating story of how the commission dealt with the immediate tasks of designing and building the cemeteries in France, Belgium, and Great Britain for the bodies of those soldiers, sailors, marines, and airmen whose families chose to leave them in Europe to lie with their comrades-in-arms for eternity.
General John J. Pershing was the chairman of the commission from its creation in 1923 until his death in 1948. Pershing personally reviewed the plans for the cemeteries and visited them each summer until 1939. He usually spent most of each visit in the guest quarters in the Meuse-Argonne cemetery, northwest of Verdun, France. The Argonne, or Romagne, cemetery is the largest of the First World War cemeteries, with roughly fourteen thousand graves and an impressive chapel. Like the other cemeteries from that war, it is located on the battlefield on which so many Americans perished defending freedom.
Pershings successor as chairman was General of the Army George C. Marshall, indicating the importance attached to the ABMC by Presidents Truman and Eisenhower. Following the Second World War, the ABMC was tasked by Congress to design, build, and operate new military cemeteries in the Philippines, Tunisia, Italy, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. This mission was in addition to the ABMCs mission of maintaining and operating the World War I cemeteries.
The commission also was entrusted with the task of designing and building a number of memorials outside of the cemeteries in Europe. The monuments of Montsec and Chteau-Thierry are examples of these monuments. As part of this mandate, the commission prevented unwanted or unsightly memorials from being built across the zone of the Great Wars battlefields by individuals, units, or states, and it worked closely with the governments of the nations in which the cemeteries and memorials are located.
Conners War and Remembrance makes the point that American cemeteries and monuments keep alive the memory of those who fell and also of those who fought to defend the world from regimes of unspeakable evil. Whenever one visits the US cemetery in Normandy, near Colleville-sur-Mer, he or she will see numerous groups of French school children visiting the graves of the men who helped liberate their nation over seventy years ago. Those graves are a constant reminder of the shared values of the Western democracies and of the commitment of our nation to defend those values. In many European cemeteries the local populations have adopted individual graves and regularly visit them.
I have visited most of the cemeteries which the ABMC operates in Europe, and Conners narrative about how they came to be the beautiful places they are is interesting, well-documented, and touching. There is no other book like this one, and it will be the authority on the subject for decades.
James Scott Wheeler
Introduction
The Agency and Its Mission
The American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) was created by an act of Congress in 1923. For more than ninety years, the ABMC has been one of the smallest independent federal agencies. Its expenditures for Fiscal Year 2017, for example, were just over $75 million.1 The agency has never been attached to any other part of the federal bureaucracy; rather, its leadership reports directly to the president of the United States and serves at his pleasure. Few Americans have heard of the commission; indeed, some of its most important current employees admit to having known nothing about it before they first sought to join its ranks.2 As this book will endeavor to show, in any case, the commission has been entrusted with one of the nations most important tasks: to honor and promote remembrance of the service and the sacrifice of American soldiers in foreign wars and to preserve the sites overseas where tens of thousands of them lie buried.
During the 1920s and 1930s, the commission beautified eight cemeteries in France, Belgium, and England already built by the Graves Registration Service of the US Army, and erected eleven monuments and two markers in France, Belgium, and Gibraltar as memorials to those who served and died in the Great War. After World War II, the commission built fourteen new cemetery memorials in eight countries worldwide and raised eight more monuments, three of which are in the United States, and three markers to the soldiers and sailors of the 194145 war. Additional monuments in Cuba (pertaining to the Spanish-American War); Belleau Wood, France (to the marines who fought there in 1918); Busan, South Korea (to the Korean War); Midway Island (World War II); and Dartmouth, England (also World War II) round out the federal sites within ABMCs administration. Eight non-federal monuments erected outside the United States to specific units that fought in the Second World War are also maintained by the commission. Finally, a trio of memorials built by the ABMC in the nations capital to the American Expeditionary Forces (World War I), the Korean War veterans, and the combined efforts of uniformed service personnel and the home front in World War II are now in the care of the National Park Service.
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