First published 1995 by Berg Publishers
Published 2020 by Routledge
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Copyright Gen Doy
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Front cover photograph: with kind permission of Agnews, London.
ISBN13: 978-0-8549-6960-9 (hbk)
I would like to thank all those who helped me in the preparation of this book, whether with academic advice and suggestions or with co-operation in tracing owners of works for permission to reproduce illustrations. Every effort has been made to do this, though I was not always successful. If there are any serious omissions in this regard, I would be happy to rectify them, as this is my responsibility, not that of Berg Publishers. Specifically I would like to thank, in no particular order, Liz McGrath and Avinash Puri, Gill Perry, Marsha Meskimmon, Ryzard Gagola of the Ikon Gallery Birmingham; David King, London; the Museum of Modern Art, Oxford; Wendy Leeks (especially for her thoughts on Courbet's Sleepers); Marie-Ccile Miessner, Bibliothque Nationale, Paris; Roshini Kempadoo; Catherine Cooke; Matthew Cobb and Christina Purcell; Franz Baumgartner, Karlsruhe; Chris Boylan; Adrian Lewis (for lending me his books and for being a kind and considerate colleague); the Inter-Library Loan Service at De Montfort University Library; Judith Smith; Pat Kirkham; Pam Birley; John Roberts (for first inviting me to write on Cindy Sherman's work); Metro Pictures, New York; Leicester Museum and Art Gallery, especially Julia Collieu and Amanda Waddesley; Camille Dorney, Panchayat; the Society for Co-operation in Russian and Soviet Studies, London; Martin Richards; Roger Bradley, Picture House, Leicester; Berg Publishers; Abish Eftekhari; Mark Sandle, for translating some Russian for me; Stephen White, Institute of Soviet and East European Studies, University of Glasgow; Helen Weston, University College, London; Philippe Bordes; Muse de la Rvolution Franaise, Vizille, France; Autograph, London; the Russian Museum, St Petersburg; and the late Dave Hughes. I would also especially like to thank Stephen Knight of the Research Committee at De Montfort University for facilitating a grant to help with the cost of illustrations, travel and typing the manuscript onto disk. Allan Love and John Mackintosh helped me with technical and photographic assistance. I am also indebted to my seminar students on my Women and the Visual Arts course for helpful discussions on many of the issues raised in this book. My thanks are due to my mother and father for their encouragement throughout my academic career and their support of my interest in art history. Unfortunately my father died before this book was completed but I thought of him often when I was writing. Last of all I want to thank my sons Sean and Davey for being so patient and (relatively) quiet while I wrote this book. It is dedicated to them with love and optimism for their future.
Gen Doy
Plate 1 Labille-Guiard, Portrait of Madame Labille-Guiard and her pupils, oil on canvas, 210 x 152 cm, 1785, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photo courtesy Metropolitan Museum.
Plate 2 Vige-Lebrun, Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat, oil on canvas, 97.8 x 70.5 cm, 1783, National Gallery, London. Photo courtesy National Gallery.
Plate 3 M. Chatt, Calendrier des femmes litres (Free Women's Calendar), drawing and water-colour, 35.5. x 24.5 cm, dated 1795, Musee Carnavalet, Paris.
Plate 4 Nanine Vallain, Liberty, oil on canvas, 128 x 97 cm, 1793-4 (alter restoration), Musee de la Revolution Fran^aise, Vizille. Photo courtesy of the museum.
Plate 5 Vige-Lebrun, Self-portrait with her Daughter Julie, oil on panel, 130 x 94 cm, 1788, Louvre, Paris. Photo Runion des Muses Nationaux.
Plate 6 Bzard (or Bzart), National Guardsmen Opposing Popular Food Requisitions, oil on canvas, 99.5 x 80 cm, 1792, Muse de la Rvolution Franaise, Vizille. Photo courtesy of the Museum.
Plate 7 Morisot, Wet Nurse and Julie, oil on canvas, 50.2 x 61 cm, 1879 or 1880, private collection.
Plate 8 Monsot, On the Balcony, water-colour over graphite oil paper, 20.6 x 17.5 cm, 1872, Art Institute, Chicago, gift in memory of Charles Netcher II. Photo courtesy theArt Institute of Chicago.
Plate 9 Caillebotte, Portraits in an Interior, oil on canvas, 46 x 56 cm, 1877, private collection.
Plate 10 Caillebotte, Man on the Balcony, oil on canvas, 116 x 90 cm, later 1870s, private collection. Photo courtesy Brame and Lorenceau, Paris.