Contents
Guide
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INTRODUCTION
If the word retirement makes you nervous, this is the book for you. Millions are concerned about retirement prospects. Many are worried about savings, about Social Security, and about rising healthcare costs.
The good news is that there a lot of things you can do to give yourself a more financially secure retirement. Once you figure out the kind of retirement you want, you can make a plan for it and start putting that plan into action.
What retirement really means is deciding what you want to do when youre ready to leave your full-time job. It means having the freedom to decide whether you want to work part time, go to school, travel, or just to kick back and relax. In order to achieve that freedom, you need to have enough cash to cover your expenses. Building up the biggest nest egg you possibly can gives you the most security and flexibilityand its easier to do than you realize.
Throughout Retirement 101, youll find things to do that will put you on firm financial ground for your retirement. Youll learn how to reduce and eventually eliminate debt. Youll plan how Social Security and savings fit into your ongoing financial picture. Youll find out how to manage your medical expenses while staying within your household budget.
Whether youre just starting to work on setting your retirement goals or are on the verge of wrapping up your career and leaving your job for good, this book will show you how to find and manage the money to fund your retirement. If you follow the recommendations in this book, youll be able to set realistic retirement goals and meet them.
Taking action today and making a few simple changes can give you a more financially stable retirement. No matter your age, retirement goals, or the state of your finances, youll be able to make a plan to get where you want to go. Youll start by assessing where youre at right now and then using that information to set a course for your goals. And this book will serve as a guidepost along the way.
Chapter 1 What Is Retirement?
Ask twenty people what retirement means, and youll get twenty different answers, but youll also hear some common themes. Retirement is about freedom and flexibility. Its defined by being able to stop trading time for money, but it doesnt mean you cant work if you want to. Retirement puts you in charge of your time. Thats where retirement savings come in: To fund that phase of your life, you need to have access to a secure money supply.
THE TRUTH ABOUT AVERAGE RETIREMENT SAVINGS
Average Is Not the Goal
If youre trying to figure out if your retirement savings are on track, you may have searched online to see what other people in your age group have saved. That information seems valuable after allit gives you something to compare your savings with. But the average is not a good yardstick for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is that most Americans have underfunded their retirement accounts.
NOT REALLY AVERAGE
Average retirement savings calculations run into some pretty big snags, which is why they can look vastly different. For one thing, outliers (like supersavers or undersavers) can skew the numbers. Some averages include people who have no retirement savings at all, which also slants the results.
The other big factor: In general, we arent saving enough. So using average savings as your benchmark could leave you with an underfunded retirement nest egg. Dont use the average as a goal. Consider it a measure that you want to surpass.
Average versus Median
Average retirement savings are calculated by adding up a specific number of account balances, then dividing that total dollar value by the count. For example, if a survey was looking for the average of 500 retirement accounts, it would total all their balances and then divide that sum by 500. If even one person had a balance that was very different than the others, it would knock the average out of line.
Looking at median savings may give a truer but still imperfect picture. The median offers the value that lies square in the middle, without any calculation. So if a survey looks at five hundred retirement accounts, and lists them from smallest to biggest, the median would be whichever account balance landed in the middle. With retirement savings, the average is always greater than the median, often two or three times as much as the median savings.
It Matters Where the Money Is
Average retirement savings numbers also overlook some very big questions, such as:
- Will the money be taxed in retirement?
- What will be the impact of account maintenance and investing fees?
- Will the money be invested and how?
Why does all that matter? Those three factors can each have a big impact on the future value of retirement savings, and the effect of all three combined can be monumental. For example, $50,000 in a Roth IRA thats invested in low-fee exchange-traded funds (ETFs) will be worth substantially more in retirement than $50,000 in a 401(k) thats invested in high-cost target date mutual funds (more on target date funds in ). Roth IRA withdrawals are tax-free, while 401(k) withdrawals are subject to income taxes; that difference alone could change the true account value by tens of thousands of dollars at retirement time. High account maintenance fees and fund expenses eat away at earnings, reducing the compounding power of a portfolio. All in all, two retirement accounts with the same balance may not be equal.
A LOOK AT THE NUMBERS AND WHAT THEY MEAN