The Urban Development Series discusses the challenge of urbanization and what it will mean for developing countries in the decades ahead. The series delves substantively into the core issues framed by the World Banks 2009 Urban Strategy, Systems of Cities: Harnessing Urbanization for Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Across the five domains of the Urban Strategy, the series provides a focal point for publications that seek to foster a better understanding of the core elements of the city system, pro-poor policies, city economies, urban land and housing markets, urban environments, and other issues germane to the agenda of sustainable urban development.
CITIES
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
Responding to an Urgent Agenda
Daniel Hoornweg, Mila Freire, Marcus J. Lee,
Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Belinda Yuen, editors
2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8493-0
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8667-5
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8493-0
Cover photo: Atlantide Phototravel/Corbis
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cities and climate change : responding to an urgent agenda / edited by Daniel Hoornweg [et al.].
p. cm.(Urban development series)
Collection of papers prepared and presented at the World Banks Fifth Urban Research Symposium.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8493-0ISBN 978-0-8213-8667-5 (electronic)
1.Urban ecology (SociologyCongresses. 2. Greenhouse gasesCongresses. 3. Climatic changesCongresses. I. Hoornweg, Daniel A. (Daniel Arthur), 1961- II. Urban Research Symposium (5th Marseille, France 2009)
HT241.C555 2011
307.76dc22
2011007569
Contents
Foreword |
Acknowledgments |
Contributors |
Abbreviations |
Chapter 1. | Introduction: Cities and the Urgent Challenges of Climate Change |
Chapter 2. | Greenhouse Gas Emission Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions Christopher A. Kennedy, Anu Ramaswami, Sebastian Carney, and Shobhakar Dhakal |
Chapter 3. | Comparing Mitigation Policies in Five Large Cities: London, New York City, Milan, Mexico City, and Bangkok Edoardo Croci, Sabrina Melandri, and Tania Molteni |
Chapter 4. | GHG emissions, Urban Mobility, and Morphology: A Hypothesis Alain Bertaud, Benoit Lefvre, and Belinda Yuen |
Chapter 5. | The Role of Institutions, Governance, and Urban Planning for Mitigation and Adaptation Harriet Bulkeley, Heike Schroeder, Katy Janda, Jimin Zhao, Andrea Armstrong, Shu Yi Chu, and Shibani Ghosh |
Chapter 6. | Viral Governance and Mixed Motivations: How and Why U.S. Cities Engaged on the Climate Change Issue, 20052007 Toby Warden |
Chapter 7. | Urban Heat Islands: Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Climate Change and Heat Release in Four European Cities Mark P. McCarthy and Michael G. Sanderson |
Chapter 8. | Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Opportunities and Constraints Dirk Heinrichs, Rimjhim Aggarwal, Jonathan Barton, Erach Bharucha, Carsten Butsch, Michail Fragkias, Peter Johnston, Frauke Kraas, Kerstin Krellenberg, Andrea Lampis, Ooi Giok Ling, and Johanna Vogel |
Chapter 9. | A Conceptual and Operational Framework for Pro-poor Asset Adaptation to Urban Climate change Caroline Moser |
Chapter 10. | Epilogue: Perspectives from the 5th Urban Research Symposium |
Appendix. | Titles and Abstracts of Papers Not Included in Full in This Volume |
Index. |
Foreword
The 5th Urban Research Symposium on Cities and Climate ChangeResponding to an Urgent Agenda, held in Marseille in June 2009, sought to highlight how climate change and urbanization are converging to create one of the greatest challenges of our time. Responding to this challenge effectively and sustainably is a key objective for governments, authorities, institutions, and other organizations involved in urban development processes. The World Bank, the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing, and the French Development Agency were therefore particularly committed to the co-organization of the symposium.
Cities consume much of the worlds energy, and thus produce much of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. Yet cities, to varying extents, are also vulnerable to climate change impacts, with poor populations facing the greatest risk. Thus, adaptation and increased resilience constitute priorities for every city, and cities have a key role to play in mitigating climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation in cities has emerged as a new theme on the global agenda, creating a strong desire among governments, the private sector, and the academic community worldwide to learn from experiences and good practice examples.