Brent. J Hayward - Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium: v. 1

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AVIATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Dedication

These volumes are dedicated to the memory of the following fine aviators

Mike Birks

Paul Carter

Mark Duncan

Tim Ellis

Steve Erskine

Mark Fallon

Mark Lewin

Ross Fox

Jeff Radbone

Aviation Resource Management

Volume one

Proceedings of The Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium

Edited by

BRENT J. HAYWARD AND ANDREW R. LOWE

First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Brent J. Hayward and Andrew R. Lowe 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 00102909

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-74318-2 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-315-18183-7 (ebk)

Contents

Daniel E. Maurio

Ron Westrum

Patrick T.W. Hudson

Jean Paries

Nick McDonald, Siobhan Corrigan, Sam Cromie and Colin Daly

David R. Hunter and Roger M. Baker, Jr

Ian Brown and Jose M. Anca, Jr.

Graham R. Braithwaite and John P.E. Faulkner

James McMenemy, David Balfour, Patrick Carrierre, Michel Gaudreau, Jennifer Taylor and Paul Traversy

Mark Wiggins

Robert L. Helmreich and Ashleigh C. Merritt

Azmi Radzi

Ashleigh C. Merritt

Oscar Quintero

Harry Holling

Nicole Svtek

Awad Thomas Fakoussa

Graham Edkins

David Freedman and Michael Nendick

Vivianne Fonne and Grete Myhre

David Freedman and Michael Nendick

Rebecca D. Chute and Earl L. Wiener

Unni Voll

Barry J. Fallon and Joseph Gagliano

Monique Ribeiro de Assis and Selma Leal de Oliveira Ribeiro

Kerryn Macaulay and John Robbins

Rebecca D. Chute

John Bent

Gavan Lintern

Sheryl L. Chappell

Peter Simpson

Jan M. Davies

Hidetake Sakuma

Colin Grace, Peter Pfister and Mark Wiggins

Dmitri Zotov

Drew Dawson and Kathryn Reid

Selma Leal de Oliveira Ribeiro, Elizeth Tavares de Lacerda and Claudia Paulich Loterio

Hein E. Brand

Joseph L. Vogel

Daniel E. Maurio and John Bent

Michael Walker, Barry Stauch and Jim McMenemy

Peterlyn Thomas, Bev Maunsell, Unni Voll and Jo McFadyen

This collection of papers from the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium provides a broad view of contemporary research and thinking in aviation psychology and human factors. It is particularly impressive to see the breadth of the applied and research work reported here and to see Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America represented. Aviation psychology and its application are truly becoming global.

In applying the Resource Management title to these volumes, the editors, Brent Hayward and Andrew Lowe, acknowledge the impact that Crew Resource Management programs have had on aviation and aviation psychology. Their choice of title is significant also in light of the fact that CRM has recently come under attack by some who claim it has failed, since human error persists and human error accidents continue to occur. Critics of CRM fail to recognise two vital points (1) that humans are inherently limited in their capabilities making error inevitable, and (2) that complex systems such as aviation will necessarily experience failures. Given these characteristics, the users of the system must make most effective use of all available resources, including the findings and solutions that psychology can supply. Lowe and Hayward have also expanded the list of resources to include the basic content domains of aviation psychology and human factors. Resource management is a useful phrase. It avoids the flavour of psychobabble and intrusive invasion of the psyche that many associate with psychology and at the same time it doesnt imply a restricted focus on knobs and dials technology that the term human factors may convey.

When we look at the topics addressed in these volumes, we see not only the familiar concerns of psychology and human factors, but also some new additions that show the increasing sophistication of the field. Culture has taken its place as a central influence on the global aviation system. Papers address the concept of the safety culture as well as the influence of national, organisational, and professional cultures on behaviour and training. Issues surrounding multi-cultural organisations are also addressed. Also on the cultural front, the diversity of author origins is a reassuring sign that the cultural hegemony of the United States in aviation research may be diminishing.

Safety and safety investigations are central topics including new methodological approaches and strong awareness of the importance of cultural factors for understanding system accidents. We are far beyond the era of blame and punish into a multivariate world that recognises the multiple contributory factors in system failures.

Automation is also addressed with a healthy recognition of its limitations. As with other resources, automation design and use are influenced by culture and pose new challenges for the operator and the researcher.

Not surprisingly, CRM itself continues to be a significant research topic, but with extensions to organisational issues, cultural factors, and extensions not only to other sub-units such as the cabin and maintenance but even to the company level. The cabin, air traffic control, and maintenance are recognised as worthy research topics in their own right. At the same time, classic topics in human factors and psychology such as selection, training, fatigue, stress, and human-machine interfaces continue to receive needed attention.

The issues addressed at the Symposium and within these proceedings are of critical import for the aviation system. However, many of the approaches and concepts are equally applicable to other environments where teams interact with technology. This point is addressed in a paper showing how methods of aviation safety investigation can be applied in medicine. One of the challenges for the research community is to make the findings from aviation available to other domains to avoid the re-invention of the wheel.

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