L.M.E. Shaw - The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the English Merchants in Portugal 1654–1810

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THE ANGLO-PORTUGUESE ALLIANCE
AND
THE ENGLISH MERCHANTS IN PORTUGAL
16541810

The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
and
the English Merchants in Portugal
16541810

L.M.E. SHAW

First published 1998 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2017 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright L.M.E. Shaw, 1998.

The author has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the Author of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Shaw, L.M.E.

The Anglo-Portuguese alliance and the English merchants in Portugal, 16541810 1. Great Britain - Commerce - Portugal 2. Portugal - Commerce - Great Britain 3. Great Britain - Foreign relations - Portugal 4. Portugal - Foreign relations - Great Britain.
I. Title.
382. 0942 0469

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Shaw, L.M.E.

The Anglo-Portuguese alliance and the English merchants in Portugal, 16541810 Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Great Britain - Foreign relations - Portugal. 2. Great Britain - Foreign economic relations - Portugal. 3. Portugal - Foreign economic relations - Great Britain. 4. Portugal - Foreign relations - Great Britain. 5. Merchants - Portugal - History. 6. British - Portugal - History. I. Title.
DA47.9.P8S5 1998

327.410469-dc21

98-24124 CIP

ISBN 13: 978-1-84014-651-6 (hbk)

Typeset in Times New Roman by Keith Shaw

Contents

I should like to record my grateful thanks to Dr. Alwyn Ruddock, formerly of Birkbeck College, for having first awakened my interest in commercial and maritime history and suggesting that I should research the history of the group of English merchants who lived and worked in Portugal. I am also indebted to Professor Romero Magalhes of Coimbra University for his suggestion that I should write this book in the context of the 1654 treaty.

Because of the destruction of Portuguese records during the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, access to the previously private archives of the Condes da Ponte has been of the utmost importance in clarifying Anglo-Portuguese relations during the Protectorate and early Restoration periods. I am most grateful to Senhora T.M. Schedel de Castello Branco for allowing me access to those records and for her kindness, help and advice on matters in Lisbon.

Many people have given me assistance in my research; in particular, my tutor at Birkbeck College, Mr. Graham Gibbs; the librarian at Ushaw College, Co. Durham (Father Sharret, S.J.), who allowed me to examine the then still uncollated papers of the English College, Lisbon; the late Professor S. George West, OBE, who gave me much help and advice and many useful introductions before he retired; and the librarian of the Royal Commonwealth Society who, in 1975, assisted me in my research into the early years of the English chaplaincies in Lisbon and Oporto.

I am also indebted to the staff in the Arquivo Fotogrfico, Cmara Municipal, Lisbon, for their assistance in obtaining illustrations for this book at short notice and to Mrs. Delaforce, of Oporto, for permission to use two of the illustrations contained in her late husbands book The Factory House at Oporto, its Historic Role in the Port Wine Trade, published by Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, in association with Christies Wine Publications, 1990.

Finally, I should like to thank my husband for his constant help, support and encouragement.

Between	Reproduced by Courtesy of
William Henry Lyttelton (1st Baron Lyttelton)	The Viscount Cobham: photograph, Courtauld Institute of Art.

* Sebastio Jos de Carvalho e Melo, Conde de Oeiras and Marqu de Pombal.

Abbreviations

American Historical Review	A.H.R.
Anais da Academia Portuguesa de Histroa	Anais.
Arquivo Histrico Portugues	A.H.P.
Arquivo Histrico Ultramarino	A.H.U.
Arquivo dos Condes da Ponte, Cartas de Francisco de Melo a Afonso V1 (Queen Luisa) 1657-1661	A.C.P.1.
Biblioteca Nacional	B.N.
British Library	B.L.
British Historical Society of Portugal	B.H.S.P.
Board of Trade Papers (Public Record Office)	B.T.
Calendar of Domestic Papers, Domestic Series	C.S.P.Dom.
Calendar of Treasury Books	C.T.B.
Commons Journal	C.J.
Colonial Office Papers (Public Record Office)	C.O.
Dictionary of National Biography	D.N.B.
Economic History Review	Ec.H.R.
Foreign Office Papers (Public Record Office)	F.O.
The Genealogists Magazine	G.M.
Hispanic American Historical Review	H.A.H.R.
The Historical Association (Lisbon Branch)	H.A.L.B.
Historical Manuscripts Commission	H.M.C.
History Today	H.T.
Journal of Modern History	J.Mod.H.
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research	J.S.A.H.R.
Lords Journal	L.J.
The Mariners Mirror	M.M.
Portuguese Studies Review	P.S.R.
Public Record Office	P.R.O.
State Papers (Public Record Office)	S.P.
Trre do T mbo	T.T.
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society	T.R.H.S.

Notes

A.C.P.1 has two sets of folio numbers. The numbers in brackets represent the numbers of the folios of the copied letters at present held in the archives of the Condes da Ponte. The originals were auctioned.

All Additional Manuscripts are from the British Library.

All Rawlinson Manuscripts are from the Bodleian, Oxford.

The English College Papers and the Russell Papers are from Ushaw College, Co. Durham.

Dates The Gregorian Calendar was introduced into Portugal in 1582 but not adopted in England until 1752 by making 3 September = 14 September. When comparing Portuguese dates with those of Great Britain, it is necessary to deduct ten days for the period 15 October 1582-10 March 1700 and 11 days betweeen March 1700 and 13 September 1752. The Portuguese New Year began on 1 January but in England, New Year began on 25 March. Most English correspondents during the period covered by this book, however, were already using 1 January as New Years Day.

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