Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani - Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants

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Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani

Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Systems, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

Hirbod Varasteh

Civil Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom

Bahamin Bazooyar

Low-Carbon Energy Systems, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom

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Dedicated to the loving memory of my father, Mr YAHYA Gohari Darabkhani (19462021), who showed me how to live a simple life with passion and morality.

Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani

Dedicated to my wife Mrs Hamraz Sahebirashti, my daughter Tida, my mother Shanaz Mirjafari, and my father Mr Mohammadsaeid Varasteh.

Hirbod Varasteh

Dedicated to my mother, Tahereh Salmanian (19562009).

Bahamin Bazooyar

Clean and sustainable energy supply is one of the strategic needs of countries worldwide. One of the most important parts of energy is electricity, which has a great impact on the energy basket of every country. A large amount of the electricity is provided through conversion of fossil fuels in power plants. It is however vital to limit the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from burning fossil fuels and this can be done by a combination of technologies including carbon capture, improving the efficiencies of power plants, and adapting the renewable energy sources to the power generation systems.

The United Kingdom hosted the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) from 31st October to 13th November 2021 in Glasgow. The summit of COP26 brought parties together to accelerate action towards the goals of the UN Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. One of the key objectives of the COP26 was the planning on how to achieve the global targets of net zero emissions by 2050. To reach this target, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will be having a big share in removing carbon emissions from the energy sectors and industrial process. From the three main carbon capture technologies (i.e., precombustion, postcombustion, and oxyfuel combustion capture), oxyfuel combustion capture has a high potential to be implemented in both newly designed and retrofitted power plants. Oxyfuel combustion capture involves burning of the fuel with nearly pure oxygen instead of air and recycling some part of the flue gases back into the furnace/boiler to control the flame temperature. The majority of the capture technologies are designed for the atmospheric combustion of the solid fuels (e.g., coal, biomass). When burning natural gas, particularly at elevated pressures, e.g., in gas turbine systems, oxyfuel combustion capture will become a superior option (oxyturbine CCS). The cycle engages recirculation of the flue gases to generate a high concentration of CO2 in the exhaust ready for simple capture and storage. This normally results in full CO2 capture and almost no NOx emission from these power plants. The membrane capture for gas-fired systems is another attractive option for gas turbine power plants. Selective recirculation of the flue gases through the CO2 selective polymeric membranes increases the concentration of CO2 in the flue gases to bring it close to the level of CO2 concentration in the exhaust of the solid fuel combustion to feed a solvent-based postcombustion capture unit.

This book presents Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants and explores current progress in oxyfuel combustion capture as one of the most capable technologies for carbon capture in power plants. The three major carbon capture technologies (precombustion, postcombustion, and oxyfuel combustion) and the membrane technology are explained in this book, and the pros and cons of each technology are compared with the oxyfuel combustion capture. This book investigates over 20 different oxycombustion turbine (oxyturbine) power cycles, identifying the main parameters with regard to their operation, process, and performance simulations, and energy and exergy analysis. The natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with postcombustion capture is used as the base-case scenario. One of the challenges of the oxyfuel combustion technology is the need to generate pure oxygen on site. Therefore, the oxygen production and air separation units (ASU) and CO2 compression and purification units (CPU) are explained in this book. The procedure for the design and the operational characteristics of a radial NOx-less oxyfuel gas turbine combustor are presented and the combustor CFD simulation and performance analysis of the heat exchanger network and turbomachinery are conducted. The book provides technoeconomic analysis, technology readiness level (TRL), sensitivity and risk analysis, levellised cost of energy (LCOE), and the stages of development for oxycombustion turbine power plants. This book can be used to generate a road map for the development of future gas turbine-based power plants with full carbon capture capabilities using the experiences of the recently demonstrated cycles. The content of this book can support students, researchers, engineers, policymakers, and energy industry managers to plan the development and deployment of the future zero carbon and NOx free gas-fired power plants to help achieve the net zero targets in the energy industry.