W. Michael Scheld - Infections of the Central Nervous System

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Infections of the central nervous system (Scheld)

Infections of the central nervous system / editors, W. Michael Scheld, Richard J. Whitley, Christina M. Marra. Fourth edition.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-1-4511-7372-7 (hardback : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 1-4511-7372-5 (hardback : alk. paper)

I. Scheld, W. Michael, editor of compilation. II. Whitley, Richard J., editor of compilation. III. Marra, Christina M., editor of compilation. IV. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System Infections. WL 301]

RC359.5

616.8dc23

2014004822

Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner.

The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.

Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

WITH GRATITUDE TO ALL OF OUR MENTORS

AND

TO OUR TRAINEES WHO UNIFORMLY GAVE MORE

THAN THEY RECEIVED

Philipp Agyeman, MD

Research Fellow

Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases

University of Bern

Attending Physician

Department of Pediatrics

University of Bern

Inselspital

Bern, Switzerland

Kelly J. Baldwin, MD

Clerkship Director

Department of Neurology

Temple University, School of Medicine

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Associate

Department of Neurology

Geisinger Medical Center

Danville, Pennsylvania

Kyra J. Becker, MD

Professor

Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle, Washington

J. David Beckham, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine and Neurology

Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Jeana L. Benwill, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler

Tyler, Texas

Sven Bergstrm, PhD

Professor

Department of Molecular Biology

Ume University

Ume, Sweden

Ari Bitnun, MD, MSc, FRCPC

Associate Professor

Department of Pediatrics

University of Toronto

Staff Physician

Department of Pediatrics

The Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc

Professor

Department of Pediatrics

Georgetown University School of Medicine

Attending Physician in Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics

Georgetown University Hospital

Washington DC, Washington

Mary T. Caserta, MD

Professor

Department of Pediatrics

University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry

Attending Physician

Department of Pediatrics

Golisano Childrens Hospital

Rochester, New York

Kevin A. Cassady, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama

Matthias Cavassini

Private-Decent and Senior Lecturer

Chief of Service, Department Chair

Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine

University Hospital of Lausanne

Lausanne, Switzerland

Maxine Caws, PhD, MSc, BSc

Research Lecturer

Department of Clinical Sciences

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Liverpool, United Kingdom

Head of TB Research Programme

Oxford University Clinical Research Unit

Hospital for Tropical Diseases

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Won K. Chung, MD

Post-doctoral Fellow

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas

David J. Coffey, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Neurology

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Lebanon, New Hampshire

Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD

Chief

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Bethesda, Maryland

Amanda C. Cohn, MD

Medical Epidemiologist

Division of Bacterial Diseases

National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta, Georgia

Moshe Ephros, MD

Associate Clinical Professor

Department of Pediatrics

Faculty of Medicine

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Director

Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit

Department of Pediatrics

Carmel Medical Center

Haifa, Israel

Jeremy Farrar, FRCP, FRCP(Ed), FMedSci, PhD, OBE

Director

Oxford University Clinical Research Unit

Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Kathleen R. Fink, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Radiology

University of Washington

Harborview Medical Center

Seattle, Washington

Sven Forner, BA

CJD Clinical Research Team

University of California, San Francisco

UCSF Memory and Aging Center