John T. Daugirdas MD - Handbook of dialysis

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Edited by

John T. Daugirdas, MD, FACP, FASN

Clinical Professor of Medicine

University of Illinois at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois

Peter G. Blake, MB, FRCPC, FRCPI

Professor of Medicine

Western University

London, Ontario, Canada

Todd S. Ing, MBBS, FRCP

Professor Emeritus of Medicine

Loyola University Chicago

Maywood, Illinois

Acquisitions Editor: Julie Goolsby

Product Development Editor: Leanne Vandetty

Editorial Assistant: Brian Convery

Production Project Manager: Bridgett Dougherty

Design Coordinator: Holly Reid McLaughlin

Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh

Prepress Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services

Fifth Edition

Copyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health

Copyright 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. Copyright 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright 1994, 1988 by J. B. Lippincott. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer Health at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at (products and services).

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Handbook of dialysis / [edited by] John T. Daugirdas, Peter G. Blake, Todd S. Ing. Fifth edition.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4511-4429-1 (paperback)

eISBN 978-1-4698-3086-5

I. Daugirdas, John T., editor. II. Blake, Peter Gerard, 1956- , editor. III. Ing, Todd S., editor.

[DNLM: 1. Renal DialysisHandbooks. WJ 39]

RC901.7.H45

617.461059dc23

2014029014

Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.

The author(s), editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.

Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice.

LWW.com

To Stanislovas Maciulis, MDa beloved
grandfather never met who continues
to guide and inspire.
(JTD)

To my wife Rose and to my sons, Matthew
and Andrewthe three most important
people in my life.
(PB)

To Oliver M. Wrong, MD, FRCP,
my exemplary mentor.
(TSI)

Anil K. Agarwal, MD, FASN, FACP

Professor of Medicine

Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio

Suhail Ahmad, MD

Professor of Medicine

University of Washington

Seattle, Washington

Michael Allon, MD

Professor of Medicine

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama

Arif Asif, MD, FASN

Professor of Medicine

Albany Medical College

Albany, New York

Andr Luis Balbi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

So Paulo State UniversityUNESP

Botucatu, So Paulo, Brazil

Joanne M. Bargman, MD, FRCPC

Professor of Medicine

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Susan E. Bentley RD, MBA

Fresenius Medical Care

Waltham, Massachusetts

Peter G. Blake, MB, FRCPC, FRCPI

Professor of Medicine

Western University

London, Ontario, Canada

Neil Boudville, MBBS, FRACP

Senior Lecturer in Renal Medicine

University of Western Australia

Crawley, Australia

Sudhir K. Bowry, PhD

Fresenius Medical Care

Bad Homburg, Germany

Deborah Brouwer-Maier, RN, CNN

Director of Dialysis Access Initiatives

Fresenius Medical Services

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Bernard Canaud, MD, PhD

Emeritus Professor of Nephrology

Montpellier University I

Montpellier, France

Ralph J. Caruana, MD, MBA

Professor of Medicine

University of Central Florida

Orlando, Florida

Elliot Michael Charen, MD

Instructor in Medicine

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

New York, New York

Horng Ruey Chua, MMed, MRCP

Assistant Professor of Medicine

National University of Singapore

Republic of Singapore

Scott D. Cohen, MD, MPH, FASN

Associate Professor of Medicine

George Washington University

Washington, District of Columbia

Daniel W. Coyne, MD

Professor of Medicine

Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri

John H. Crabtree, MD, FACS

Visiting Clinical Faculty

Harbor-University of California

Los Angeles Medical Center

Torrance, California

Daniel Cukor, PhD

Associate Professor of Psychiatry

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

Brooklyn, New York

John T. Daugirdas, MD, FACP, FASN

Clinical Professor of Medicine

University of Illinois at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois

Andrew Davenport, MA, MD, FRCP

Reader in Medicine and Nephrology

University College of London

London, United Kingdom

James A. Delmez, MD

Professor of Medicine

Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri

Sevag Demirjian, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Cleveland, Ohio

Peter B. DeOreo, MD, FACP

Clinical Professor of Medicine