V I Lakomskii - Alloying Liquid Metal with Nitrogen from Electric ARC Plasma
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Alloying Liquid Metal with Nitrogen from Electric ARC Plasma
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In the monograph, the author summarises the results obtained in research and investigations of the gas-liquid metal system at temperatures typical of electric arc welding and electrometallurgy processes. Special attention is given to the problems of sorption of diatomic homonuclear gases, especially nitrogen from electric arc plasma, by metal melts. It is shown that when the metal absorbs the gas from plasma the system does not reach the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Investigations were carried out into processes taking place in the gas-plasma layer bordering with the metal. These processes determine the gas content of liquid steel.
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Alloying Liquid Metal With Nitrogen From Electric Arc Plasma : Theoretical Fundamentals
author
:
publisher
:
Cambridge International Science Publishing
isbn10 | asin
:
1898326533
print isbn13
:
9781898326533
ebook isbn13
:
9780585237459
language
:
English
subject
Alloys.
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
TN690A55 1999eb
ddc
:
669.95
subject
:
Alloys.
Page iii
Alloying Liquid Metal with Nitrogen from Electric Arc Plasma
Theoretical Fundamentals
V I Lakomsky
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PUBLISHING
Page iv
Published by Cambridge International Science Publishing 7 Meadow Walk, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AZ, UK http://www.demon.co.uk/cambsci/homepage.htm
First published 1999
V I Lakomsky Cambridge International Science Publishing
Conditions of sale All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 1 898326533
Production Irma Stupak Printed by Pear Tree Press Ltd., Stevenage, Herts., SG1 2BH
Page v
Preface
At the beginning of the Sixties, the second importand method of special electrometallurgy was developed in the former Soviet Union on the basis of electroslag remelting: plasma-arc remelting of steels and alloys in a water-cooled continuous solidification mold (PAR).
Pioneering work in this area was carried out by the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Experts at the Institute also developed the remelting method and designed laboratory and industrial furnaces. The Institute also carried out investigations into all aspects of plasma remelting: examination of the processes of high-temperature interaction of gases with liquid metals, development of the remelting technology of steels and alloys for different applications. The properties of remelting metal were investigated in cooperation with metallurgical plants and branch Institutes.
Plasma-arc remelting furnaces were rapidly constructed and introduced in ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy plants, aviation and military industry.
One of the many of technologies used in this area was alloying with nitrogen of liquid chromium-nickel and chromium-nickel-manganese steels from the gas phase, combined with the process of remelting the steel. Already at the end of the Sixties, Soviet plants melted 500 kg steel ingots designed for facing the combustion chambers of aviation turbine engines where the nitrogen content was 1% or higher (usually, nitrogen content did not exceed 0.5%). The produced high-nitrogen steels were characterised by a favourable combination of physical-mechanical and chemical properties (strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance) and represented a new class of metallic materials.
At that time, no special interest was paid to this method of processing steels in foreign plants. Only in the Eighties, initially in Germany and then in France and Sweden, there was a sudden increase in the number of investigations concerned with the production and properties of high-nitrogen steels. The number of investigators interested in this problem have been continuously increasing. International conferences on high-nitrogen steels were organised. The investigators, having no information on the work of the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, started work to find their own solutions for alloying experimental steels with nitrogen in large quantities and preventing the precipitation of nitrogen during welding and solidification of liquid metal. This situation was the reason for the publication, in 1992 in Kiev, of a monograph by the author, named 'Interaction of Diatomic Gases with Liquid Metals at Higher Temperatures'. However, because of the language barrier, this book was not known abroad. In addition, as a result of the disintegration of the book market in the former USSR,
Page vi
the book has not even reached readers in Russia and other CIS countries.
This second edition of the book differs from the first one by a more detailed explanation of relatively complicated problems of alloying liquid metals with nitrogen from electric arc plasma. The author hopes that the book will be useful to experts working in electrometallurgy and welding and, possibly, will initiate new investigations in this interesting area.
The author is grateful to Mr Riecansky of the Cambridge International Science Publishing for publishing this book with such specific and difficult terminology.
V I LAKOMSKY
<><><><><><><><><><><><>
About the Author
Professor V.I. Lakomsky was born in 1926 in Kramatorsk (Donbass region) in a family of a metallurgist. In 1950, he completed his education at the Zaporozh'e Engineering Institute in casting and in 1954 he finished his post-graduate the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. This dissertation dealt with gases in cast iron; his scientific supervisor was Prof. V. Yavoiskii, the well-known expert on gases in metals.
Since 1957, on the basis of an invitation of Academician B.E. Paton, the VI Lakomsky has been working at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kiev.
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