Carl G. Rasmussen - Zondervan Atlas of the Bible

ZONDERVAN

ATLAS OF THE BIBLE

Revised Edition

CARL G. RASMUSSEN

ZONDERVAN

Zondervan Atlas of the Bible

Copyright 2010 by Carl G. Rasmussen

Requests for information should be addressed to:

Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Rasmussen, Carl.

Zondervan atlas of the Bible / Carl G. Rasmussen.Rev. ed

p. cm.

Rev. ed. of: Zondervan NIV atlas of the Bible.

Includes bibliographical references () and index.

eISBN 978-0-310-52126-6

ISBN 978-0-310-27050-8 (hardcover, printed)

1. BibleGeography. 2. BibleGeographyMaps. 3. BibleHistory of Biblical events. 4. BibleHistory of contemporary events. I. Rasmussen, Carl. Zondervan NIV atlas of the Bible. II. Title. III. Title: Atlas of the Bible.

BS630.R37 2009

220.9'1dc22 2009015937

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide.

Maps by International Mapping. Copyright 2010 by Zondervan. All rights reserved.

All pictures in this book were taken by the author, Carl G. Rasmussen, unless otherwise indicated. Many of the photos in this atlas, plus over 3,000 more, are available at the authors website www.HolyLandPhotos.org.

Any Internet addresses (websites, blogs, etc.) and telephone numbers in this book are offered as a resource. They are not intended in any way to be or imply an endorsement by Zondervan, nor does Zondervan vouch for the content of these sites and numbers for the life of this book.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any otherexcept for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Cover design: Rob Monacelli

This book is dedicated to my wife, Mary, with whom I have spent sixteen exciting years traveling, teaching, and guiding in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean.

CONTENTS

Appendices

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I n 1967 my wife and I undertook a journey that changed the course of our lives. In that year we traveled to Jerusalem, where we enrolled as students at the Institute of Holy Land Studies (now the Jerusalem University College). During that time I developed an interest in the historical geography of the Bible, an interest that intensified during my graduate studies in the United States. But it was during my seven-year tenure (197380) as dean of the Institute of Holy Land Studies that I became keenly aware of the extraordinary usefulness of historical geography as a tool for interpreting Scripture.

After I returned to the United States to assume a teaching position at Bethel University (Minnesota), this conviction deepened as I had the opportunity to teach university and seminary students as well as numerous adult education classes and forums, and I saw these students gain confidence in their understanding of the historical aspects of their faith. Indeed, an understanding of the geographical dimension of history opens up new vistas for students of all textsboth sacred and nonsacred.

Many have aided my work in the historical geography of the Bible, and it is with deep appreciation and thanksgiving that I remember the late Dr. G. Douglas Young and his successors at the Institute of Holy Land Studiesnow the Jerusalem University Collegefor making a study center available for Christian students in Jerusalem. Particular thanks also go to Prof. Anson Rainey, my teacher and later my colleague in Jerusalem, who so generously shared his wealth of knowledge with me as well as with his other students, and to my friend James Monson, whose creativity and expertise have influenced me as well as countless other students and teachers. In the production of the first edition of this book, Dr. Judith Hadley and Wendy (Youngblood) Morrissey read the manuscript in whole or in part and made many helpful suggestions. However, the views presented in this book are my own and in some instances diverge significantly from those of my friends mentioned above.

The writing, and now the revision, of this book has taken place over a number of years, and the staff at Zondervan Publishing HouseStanley Gundry, Ed van der Maas, David Frees, Kim Tanner, Verlyn Verbruggehave been encouraging, helpful, and patient during the process. The work of Nathan Opsata in helping prepare the indexes is greatly appreciated. Dr Moiss Silva has made many helpful comments that have been incorporated into the Geographical Dictionary. Mark Connally has been especially gracious in allowing me to use a number of his beautiful photographs in this new edition of the Atlas. In the first edition of this work Carta Map Company of Jerusalem, headed by Immanuel and Shai Hausman, produced the maps. In this edition International Mapping has produced the all-new maps in cooperation with Zondervan and the author. We have endeavored to make them as accurate and as useful as possible and to effectively illustrate the topography of the lands of the Bible.