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Emmanuel M. Pothos - Formal Approaches in Categorization

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Emmanuel M. Pothos Formal Approaches in Categorization

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The process of constructing concepts underpins our capacity to encode information in an efficient and competent manner and also, ultimately, our ability to think in terms of abstract ideas such as justice, love and happiness. But what are the mechanisms which correspond to psychological categorization processes? This book unites many prominent approaches in modelling categorization. Each chapter focuses on a particular formal approach to categorization, presented by the proponent(s) or advocate(s) of that approach, and the authors consider the relation of this approach to other models and the ultimate objectives in their research programmes. The volume evaluates progress that has been made in the field and potential future developments. This is an essential companion to any scientist interested in the formal description of categorization and, more generally, in formal approaches to cognition. It will be the definitive guide to formal approaches in categorization research for years to come.

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Formal Approaches in Categorization
The process of constructing concepts underpins our capacity to encode information in an efficient and competent manner and also, ultimately, our ability to think in terms of abstract ideas such as justice, love, and happiness. But what are the mechanisms which correspond to psychological categorization processes? This book unites many prominent approaches in modelling categorization. Each chapter focuses on a particular formal approach to categorization, presented by the proponent(s) or advocate(s) of that approach, and the authors consider the relation of this approach to other models and the ultimate objectives in their research programmes. The volume evaluates progress that has been made in the field and where it goes from here. This is an essential companion to any scientist interested in the formal description of categorization and, more generally, in formal approaches to cognition. It will be the definitive guide to formal approaches in categorization research for years to come.
Emmanuel M. Pothos is a reader in the Department of Psychology at Swansea University.
Andy J. Wills is an associate professor in the School of Psychology at the University of Exeter.
Formal Approaches in Categorization
Emmanuel M. Pothos and Andy J. Wills
Editors
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge New York Melbourne Madrid Cape Town - photo 1
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, So Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521140720
Cambridge University Press 2011
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2011
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Formal Approaches in Categorization / Emmanuel M. Pothos, Andy J. Wills, Editors.
p. cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-521-19048-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-521-14072-0 (paperback)
1. Categorization (Psychology) I. Pothos, Emmanuel M., 1973
II. Wills, Andy J., 1972
BF445.F66 2011
153.2dc22
2010045712
ISBN 978-0-521-19048-0 Hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-14072-0 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Figures
Activation of an object property for different objects, depending on context.
Fitting the alternative KRES network to data from Wattenmaker et al . (1986).
Tables
Contributors
Stefano Anzellotti
Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Psychology Department, Harvard University
F. Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
Kevin R. Canini
Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley
Alfonso Caramazza
Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Psychology Department, Harvard University and Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University ofTrento
Nick Chater
Department of Psychology, University College London
Thomas L. Griffiths
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
Todd M. Gureckis
Department of Psychology, New York University
Harlan D. Harris
Department of Psychology, New York University
Peter Hines
Department of Computer Science, University of York
Wayne Iba
Computer Science Department, Westmont College
John k. Kruschke
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
Pat Langley
Computational Learning Laboratory, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University
Evan Livesey
School of Psychology, University of Sydney
W. Todd Maddox
Department of Psychology,The University ofTexas, Austin
James L. Mcclelland
Department of Psychology, Stanford University
John V. Mcdonnell
Department of Psychology, New York University
Ian Mclaren
School of Psychology, University of Exeter
Douglas Medin
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
John paul Minda
Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario
Gregory L. Murphy
Department of Psychology, New York University
Daniel J. Navarro
School of Psychology, University of Adelaide
Robert M. Nosofsky
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
Erick J. Paul
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
Emmanuel M. Pothos
Department of Psychology, Swansea University
Bob Rehder
Department of Psychology, New York University
Timothy T. Rogers
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Adam n. Sanborn
Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London
J. David Smith
Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Lukas Strnad
Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Psychology Department, Harvard University
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Andy J. Wills
School of Psychology, Exeter University
Introduction
Emmanuel M. Pothos and Andy J. Wills
Categorization is one of the most fascinating aspects of human cognition. It refers to the process of organizing sensory experience into groups. This is an ability we share to some extent with other animals (e.g. Herrnstein & Loveland, ), and is key to our understanding of the world. Humans seem particularly adept at the systematic and productive combination of elementary concepts to develop complex thought. All in all, it is hard to envisage much of cognition without concepts.
The study of categorization has a long history (e.g. Hull, ). It is usually considered a particular research theme of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Categorization relates intimately to many other cognitive processes, such as learning, language acquisition and production, decision making, and inductive reasoning. What all these processes have in common is that they are inductive. That is, the cognitive system is asked to process some experience and subsequently extrapolate to novel experience.
A formal model of categorization is taken to correspond to any description of categorization processes in a principled, lawful way. Formal models of categorization are theories that allow quantitative predictions regarding the categorization behaviour of participants. Some formal models also make predictions about the underlying neuroscience.
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