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Under the Auspices of the Wisconsin-Alpha Chapter of Phi Sigma Tau
by Beatrice H. Zedler
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY PRESS MILWAUKEE 1983
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Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 82-63007
Copyright 1983 Marquette University
ISBN 0-87462-151-8
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Dedicated to the memory of my parents Edwin and Cecelia Zedler: my first teachers
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Prefactory
The Wisconsin-Alpha Chapter of Phi Sigma Tau, the National Honor Society for Philosophy at Marquette University, each year invites a scholar to deliver a lecture in honor of St. Thomas Aquinas.
The 1983 Aquinas Lecture How Philosophy Begins was delivered in the Todd Wehr Chemistry Building on Sunday, February 27, 1983, by Beatrice H. Zedler, Professor of Philosophy at Marquette University.
After receiving her B.A. from Marquette University summa cum laude, Dr. Zedler also earned an M.A. from Marquette and a Ph.D. from Fordham University, Bronx, New York. She taught at Marian College, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and at College Misericordia, Dallas, Pennsylvania, before returning to Marquette University in 1946 where she became Professor of Philosophy in 1963. Dr. Zedler was twice appointed to the Marquette University Women's Chair of Humanistic Studies and in 1981 received the Faculty Award for Teaching Excellence.
Dr. Zedler edited Averroes' Destructio Destructionum Philosophiae Algazelis (1961) and translated and edited St. Thomas Aquinas' On the Unity of the Intellect against the Averroists (1968); she has
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also edited two volumes of essays by Gerard Smith, S.J., Christian Philosophy and its Future (1971) and A Trio of Talks (1971). Her articles on Christian and Islamic philosophy in the Middle Ages and on American philosophy have appeared in the New Catholic Encyclopedia, in books, and in journals. Dr. Zedler is a member of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, the American Philosophical Association, and the Medieval Academy of America.
Professor's Zedler's scholarly workwhether on Averroes, Avicenna, and Aquinas or on John Dewey and William Jameshas been esteemed by her peers; her teaching has been appreciated by both graduate and undergraduate students during her many years at Marquette.
To Dr. Zedler's distinguished list of publications Phi Sigma Tau is pleased to add: How Philosophy Begins.
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Foreword
Father Gerard Smith, S.J., who was chairman of the Marquette Philosophy Department for twenty-two years, used to say that the Aquinas Lectures helped to push back the frontiers of ignorance. And, indeed, many of the previous speakers in this series have done just that, with a clarity and brilliance of insight that have illumined the minds of other philosophers on specialized topics. My remarks will be a more modest attempt.
As a teacher who has tried to explain some difficult concepts, I have often been aware of some questions in the minds of my students, such questions, for example, as these: "To whom are you speaking, professor? Will you please speak to us? If you must talk philosophy, can you lead us into it gently? Can you show us how and why philosophy begins?"
It is these questions that I should like to address. For my professional colleagues this lecture may serve as a souvenir of a journey begun long ago. For students it may serve as a passport to a journey that they just now are beginning.
Page 1
How Philosophy Begins
The word philosopher means lover of wisdom, but not all philosophers have lived up to their name. Sometimes they have not been loving, and sometimes they have not been wise.
They seem to be involved in perpetual controversy without getting anything settled. Nominalists fight realists; pluralists fight monists; determinists fight free-willists. In commenting on philosophers, one writer has said: "Prolixity is their manner and their disputes are too many."1
Philosophers are seen not only as disputatious but also as out of touch with reality. Who can forget the story of the maid-servant laughing at Thales when he fell into a ditch as he was looking up at the stars? He was so eager to know what was going on in the heavens, she said, that he could not see what was at his feet.2 And Louisa May Alcott, thinking of her Transcendentalist father, Bronson Alcott, defined a philosopher as "a man up in a balloon, with his family and friends holding the ropes which
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confine him to earth and trying to haul him down."3
Philosophers often use abstract terms remote from everyday language, for example: analogy of proper proportionality, transcendental analytic, concrescence, entelechy, haecceity. One is reminded of the dialogue in Gilbert and Sullivan's Princess Ida. When the Princess asks: "Who lectures in the Hall of Arts today?" Blanche responds:
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