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Zorich - Mathematical Analysis I

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Zorich Mathematical Analysis I
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    Mathematical Analysis I
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Mathematical Analysis I: summary, description and annotation

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This second English edition of a very popular two-volume work presents a thorough first course in analysis, leading from real numbers to such advanced topics as differential forms on manifolds; asymptotic methods; Fourier, Laplace, and Legendre transforms; elliptic functions; and distributions. Especially notable in this course are the clearly expressed orientation toward the natural sciences and the informal exploration of the essence and the roots of the basic concepts and theorems of calculus. Clarity of exposition is matched by a wealth of instructive exercises, problems, and fresh applications to areas seldom touched on in textbooks on real analysis. The main difference between the second and first English editions is the addition of a series of appendices to each volume. There are six of them in the first volume and five in the second. The subjects of these appendices are diverse. They are meant to be useful to both students (in mathematics and physics) and teachers, who may be motivated by different goals. Some of the appendices are surveys, both prospective and retrospective. The final survey establishes important conceptual connections between analysis and other parts of mathematics. This second volume presents classical analysis in its current form as part of a unified mathematics. It shows how analysis interacts with other modern fields of mathematics such as algebra, differential geometry, differential equations, complex analysis, and functional analysis. This book provides a firm foundation for advanced work in any of these directions. zThe textbook of Zorich seems to me the most successful of the available comprehensive textbooks of analysis for mathematicians and physicists. It differs from the traditional exposition in two major ways: on the one hand in its closer relation to natural-science applications (primarily to physics and mechanics) and on the other hand in a greater-than-usual use of the ideas and methods of modern mathematics, that is, algebra, geometry, and topology. The course is unusually rich in ideas and shows clearly the power of the ideas and methods of modern mathematics in the study of particular problems. Especially unusual is the second volume, which includes vector analysis, the theory of differential forms on manifolds, an introduction to the theory of generalized functions and potential theory, Fourier series and the Fourier transform, and the elements of the theory of asymptotic expansions. At present such a way of structuring the course must be considered innovative. It was normal in the time of Goursat, but the tendency toward specialized courses, noticeable over the past half century, has emasculated the course of analysis, almost reducing it to mere logical justifications. The need to return to more substantive courses of analysis now seems obvious, especially in connection with the applied character of the future activity of the majority of students. ... In my opinion, this course is the best of the existing modern courses of analysis.y From a review by V.I. Arnold VLADIMIR A. ZORICH is professor of mathematics at Moscow State University. His areas of specialization are analysis, conformal geometry, quasiconformal mappings, and mathematical aspects of thermodynamics. He solved the problem of global homeomorphism for space quasiconformal mappings. He holds a patent in the technology of mechanical engineering, and he is also known by his book Mathematical Analysis of Problems in the Natural Sciences.

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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Vladimir A. Zorich Mathematical Analysis I Universitext 10.1007/978-3-662-48792-1_1
1. Some General Mathematical Concepts and Notation
Vladimir A. Zorich 1
(1)
Department of Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
1.1 Logical Symbolism
1.1.1 Connectives and Brackets
The language of this book, like the majority of mathematical texts, consists of ordinary language and a number of special symbols from the theories being discussed. Along with the special symbols, which will be introduced as needed, we use the common symbols of mathematical logic Picture 1 , , , , and to denote respectively negation ( not ) and the logical connectives and , or , implies , and is equivalent to .
For example, take three statements of independent interest:
L .
If the notation is adapted to the discoveries , the work of thought is marvelously shortened . (G. Leibniz)
P .
Mathematics is the art of calling different things by the same name . (H. Poincar).
G .
The great book of nature is written in the language of mathematics . (Galileo).
Then, according to the notation given above, Table relates Picture 2 , Picture 3 , Picture 4 .
Table 1.1
Notation
Meaning
L P
L implies P
L P
L is equivalent to P
(( L P )( P ))( L )
If P follows from L and P is false, then L is false
(( L G )( P G ))
G is not equivalent either to L or to P
We see that it is not always reasonable to use only formal notation, avoiding colloquial language.
We remark further that parentheses are used in the writing of complex statements composed of simpler ones, fulfilling the same syntactical function as in algebraic expressions. As in algebra, in order to avoid the overuse of parentheses one can make a convention about the order of operations. To that end, we shall agree on the following order of priorities for the symbols:
Mathematical Analysis I - image 5
With this convention the expression Mathematical Analysis I - image 6 should be interpreted as Mathematical Analysis I - image 7 , and the relation Mathematical Analysis I - image 8 as Mathematical Analysis I - image 9 , not as Mathematical Analysis I - image 10 .
We shall often give a different verbal expression to the notation Picture 11 , which means that Picture 12 implies Picture 13 , or, what is the same, that Picture 14 follows from Picture 15 , saying that Picture 16 is a necessary criterion or necessary condition for Picture 17 and Picture 18 in turn is a sufficient condition or sufficient criterion for Picture 19 , so that the relation Picture 20 can be read in any of the following ways:
  • Picture 21 is necessary and sufficient for Picture 22 ;
  • Picture 23 holds when Picture 24 holds, and only then;
  • Picture 25 if and only if Picture 26 ;
  • Picture 27 is equivalent to Picture 28 .
Thus the notation Picture 29 means that Picture 30 implies Picture 31 and simultaneously Picture 32 implies Picture 33 .
The use of the conjunction and in the expression Picture 34 requires no explanation.
It should be pointed out, however, that in the expression Picture 35 the conjunction Picture 36 is not exclusive, that is, the statement Picture 37 is regarded as true if at least one of the statements Mathematical Analysis I - image 38 and Mathematical Analysis I - image 39 is true. For example, let Mathematical Analysis I - image 40 be a real number such that Mathematical Analysis I - image 41 . Then we can write that the following relation holds:
112 Remarks on Proofs A typical mathematical proposition has the form - photo 42
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