Ian Todd - Immunology

1. Chapter 01
2. Chapter 02
3. Chapter 03
4. Chapter 04
5. Chapter 05
6. Chapter 06
7. Chapter 07
8. Chapter 08
9. Chapter 09
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15
16. Chapter 16

1. Chapter 01
2. Chapter 02
3. Chapter 03
4. Chapter 04
5. Chapter 05
6. Chapter 06
7. Chapter 07
8. Chapter 08
9. Chapter 09
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
14. Chapter 14
15. Chapter 15
16. Chapter 16

Ian Todd

MA, PhD, FHEA

Associate Professor and Reader in Cellular Immunopathology
University of Nottingham
School of Life Sciences
Queens Medical Centre
Nottingham

Gavin Spickett
MA, LLM DPhil, BM BCh, FRCPath, FRCP, FRCPE

Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Clinical Immunology
Royal Victoria Infirmary
Newcastle upon Tyne

Lucy Fairclough

BSc, MSc, PhD

Assistant Professor in Immunology
University of Nottingham
School of Life Sciences
Queens Medical Centre
Nottingham

Seventh Edition

This edition first published 2010 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Offices
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell

The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.

Library of Congress data applied for

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

The undergraduate student meeting immunology during a busy medical or biological sciences curriculum or the qualified doctor attempting to get to grips with the subject for specialist training is often daunted by what appears to be an opaque wall of mystifying jargon surrounding a mass of intricate information. The aim of Lecture Notes on Immunology is to provide a concise statement covering the basic facts and concepts that are essential for a first understanding of the subject and its relevance to medicine and allied disciplines. Nomenclature has been simplified and appropriately defined and the major principles introduced in a biological setting. Figures and tables are used to summarize or highlight important information, and key words are emphasized in the text in bold type.

This text is based on the teaching modules developed in the Nottingham Medical School which have been designed to provide sufficient grounding to enable students to comprehend and utilize developments in immunology in their practice of medicine. Students often feel more comfortable with the detail when they have glimpsed the whole and for this reason the initial chapter outlines the salient features of immunity. These are also summarized in an overview of the immune system presented as the frontispiece. Many of these thoughts have been stimulated by the, often penetrating, questions of first-year students as well as the more clinically informed enquiries of medical graduates and I hope that this text will assist the questioning process.

Gordon Reeves

The first edition of Lecture Notes: Immunology that was published in 1987 was conceived and written by Professor Gordon Reeves to provide an introduction to immunology and show its relevance to students of medicine and biology in a straightforward and comprehensible way, avoiding unnecessary detail and jargon. These principles have been maintained in successive editions, whilst updating the text to take account of advances that clarify understanding of the immune system and the application of this knowledge to medicine. These criteria have also been applied in formulating this seventh edition of Lecture Notes: Immunology.

This is the first edition of Lecture Notes: Immunology to be published with full colour illustrations. We have taken advantage of this by including photographs of important clinical features of a number of immunopathological conditions. We have also incorporated high quality molecular graphic images of key molecules of the immune system (antibodies, T-cell receptors and HLA proteins); we are especially grateful to our colleague, Dr Paddy Tighe (University of Nottingham) for producing these molecular images.