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Joel L. Schiff - The Mathematical Universe: From Pythagoras to Planck

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Joel L. Schiff The Mathematical Universe: From Pythagoras to Planck
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The Mathematical Universe: From Pythagoras to Planck: summary, description and annotation

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This is a book about the mathematical nature of our Universe. Armed with no more than basic high school mathematics, Dr. Joel L. Schiff takes you on a foray through some of the most intriguing aspects of the world around us. Along the way, you will visit the bizarre world of subatomic particles, honey bees and ants, galaxies, black holes, infinity, and more. Included are such goodies as measuring the speed of light with your microwave oven, determining the size of the Earth with a stick in the ground and the age of the Solar System from meteorites, understanding how the Theory of Relativity makes your everyday GPS system possible, and so much more. These topics are easily accessible to anyone who has ever brushed up against the Pythagorean Theorem and the symbol , with the lightest dusting of algebra. Through this book, science-curious readers will come to appreciate the patterns, seeming contradictions, and extraordinary mathematical beauty of our Universe.

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Book cover of The Mathematical Universe Springer Praxis Books Popular - photo 1
Book cover of The Mathematical Universe
Springer Praxis Books Popular Science

This book series presents the whole spectrum of Earth Sciences, Astronautics and Space Exploration. Practitioners will find exact science and complex engineering solutions explained scientifically correct but easy to understand.Various subseries help to differentiate between the scientific areas of Springer Praxis books and to make selected professional information accessible for you.

Joel L. Schiff
The Mathematical Universe
From Pythagoras to Planck
1st ed. 2020
Logo of the publisher Logo of the publisher Logo of the publ - photo 2
Logo of the publisher
Logo of the publisher Logo of the publisher Joel L Schiff Mairangi Bay - photo 3
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Logo of the publisher Joel L Schiff Mairangi Bay New Zealand Springer - photo 4
Logo of the publisher
Joel L. Schiff
Mairangi Bay, New Zealand
Springer Praxis Books
ISSN 2626-6113 e-ISSN 2626-6121
Popular Science
ISBN 978-3-030-50651-3 e-ISBN 978-3-030-50649-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50649-0
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Project Editor: Michael D. Shayler

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to the memory of Emmy Noether (18821935), who made many brilliant contributions to the world of Mathematics and whose eponymous theorem changed the world of Physics forever.

Amalie Emmy Noether date unknown but prior to entering Gttingen University in - photo 5

Amalie Emmy Noether, date unknown but prior to entering Gttingen University in 1915. Renowned 20th century mathematician Norbert Wiener asserted: Leaving all questions of sex aside, she is one of the ten or twelve leading mathematicians of the present generation in the entire world. (Image in public domain.)

Foreword

On a sunny day, one million years ago, our world already looked much like it does now. There were mountains, forests, and deserts, and they were inhabited by plants and animals, much like it is today. But something very special was happening among some small groups of primates. They had grown to become more intelligent than any other animal, and they noticed all sorts of remarkable features in the world they lived in. In the weather, in the fields, and in the sky, they saw patterns, varying during the days and nights, and during the seasons.

They learned how to communicate among one another, how to foresee what was going to happen, and how to use their insights to improve their safety and to ensure the availability of food and shelter. This is how science began, and the primates could no longer be regarded as animals; they started to talk; they were becoming human.

Then, a few thousand years ago, they began to write and read. They learned to use new concepts of thought, such as numbers. They started to use their fingers to sort out the different numbers that one might have and soon discovered that we dont have enough fingers to account for all possible numbers. You can go all the way to 60, but then it gets harder. You have to combine numbers to describe larger numbers, and sometimes you need numbers that arent integers to indicate how much water you have or how tall something is. This was the beginning of calculus. You can also use numbers to register time, like the hour of the day or the day of the year, and to get this accurately required some real thinking.

It sometimes happened that they thought they understood everything that was to be known, but time and again this turned out to be wrong. The art of using numbers to indicate the size of things became known as mathematics, and the science of describing forces and other features of the things you see became known as physics. Studying physics and mathematics became a specialty that only a few experts can understand. This led to the need for people who could bridge the gap between the experts and the rest of the population. It is not an easy job, but I think this book is a delightful endeavor in this regard.

Gerard t Hooft (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1999).

Preface

Nature imitates Mathematics...

Mathematician Gian-Carlo Rota

This is a book about the mathematical nature of the Universe we live in. Perhaps in some other universe, if such exists, the Mathematics would be different. The question of whether our Mathematics is discovered or invented has exercised many great minds since the time of Plato (who claimed it was discovered). We will touch upon this issue since the author has his own view of the matter, as most mathematicians do. Regardless, there are certain fundamental features of our Universe, and even predictions that are beautifully described by the little squiggles on paper that we call Mathematics.

What the author aims to do in the pages that follow is to explain some of the mathematical aspects of the Universe we live in by using no more than basic high school Mathematics. What is explored through these chapters are some selected topics that are easily accessible to anyone who has once brushed up against the Pythagorean theorem and the symbol , with a light dusting of algebra. But do not worry if you have forgotten the details as these will be provided. As a bonus, nothing involving even a smattering of Calculus is needed for any of our considerations.

We will make numerous stops along the way, visiting the sublime but bizarre world of subatomic particles, honey bees, the Theory of Relativity, galaxies, black holes, and of course infinity, as well as a universe of our own creation with its own set of rules called Cellular Automata. The point is, the whole Universe is linked by bits of Mathematics that most people already know, and what the reader does not already know, the author hopes that you will come to understand by the end of the book because you will find it compelling and accessible.

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