Peter Hoffmann - The Forever Fuel: The Story of Hydrogen

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THE FOREVER FUEL

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About the Book and Author

THE FOREVER FUEL
The Story of Hydrogen
Peter Hoffmann

In a world increasingly plagued by pollution, where limited availability of fossil fuels creates international tensions, and where global disaster from proliferating technology lurks on the horizon, the search for alternative synthetic fuels is no longer an idle scientist's dreamit is necessity.

Hydrogenwith its vast and ready availability from water, its nearly universal utility, and its inherently benign characteristicsis one of several attractive synthetic fuels being considered for a "post-fossil-fuel" world, and it may well be the miracle fuel of the future. It is of special interest because, technically at least, it is so easily produced and because it produces simple water vapor in the combustion process rather than loading an already burdened environment with more hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and monoxide, sulfur, particulate matter, and even more exotic pollutants.

Journalist Peter Hoffmann describes worldwide scientific work toward a future hydrogen economy, looking at the auspicious prospects of this potential fuel, at its applicability to powering everything from automobiles to airplanes, and at the principles and technologies involved in making hydrogen a viable energy alternative. He examines howand how soonnature's simplest element may become available as an energy carrier, as well as the economic conditions that will accompany its introduction and the social impact of "clean" hydrogen energy. The picture he paints of the fuel future is a welcome alternative to the now-common prognostications of impending doom.

Peter Hoffmann is deputy bureau chief of McGraw-Hill World News in Bonn, Germany. His interest in hydrogen began in 1972.

The Forever Fuel

The Story of Hydrogen

Peter Hoffmann

First published 1981 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1981 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Hoffmann, Peter, 1935
The forever fuel.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Hydrogen as fuel. I. Title.
TP359.H8H63 665.8'1 80-20965

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29225-6 (hbk)

Contents

1. ii
2. xv
3. xvi

Guide

Marty people helped with this book, starting with Cesare Marchetti, who initiated me into hydrogen lore in the early seventies when I was working for McGraw-Hill World News in Milan, Italy. Others who generously provided information and who later assisted this nonscientist in spotting the more glaring errors include Bill Escher, Heiko Barnert, Karl-Friedrich Knoche, Dan Brewer, Bill Witcofski, and Rudolf Erren. Thanks are also due to Fabrizio Serena di Lapigio, formerly of Alitalia Airlines, Bob Ingersoll, Irmgard Wilksen, and Roy Koch.

Special gratitude for their forbearance with years of hydrogen-induced dementia is due to my wife, Sarah, who read and helped edit the manuscript, and my children, Peter, Jr., Rembert, and Benjamin.

P.H.

• ADT Adenosintriphosphate
• ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
• AST Advanced supersonic transport
• ATP Adenosine triphosphate
• AVR Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor
• bhp Brake horsepower
• Btu British thermal unit
• BWR Boiling water reactor
• atm Atmosphere
• cc Cubic centimeter
• CO2 Carbon dioxide
• CWH Chemische Werke His
• DOC Direct operating cost
• DoE Department of Energy
• DFVLR Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fr Luft und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Research and Experimental Institute)
• ENI Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
• ENR Engineering News Record
• EPA Environmental Protection Agency
• EPNdB Effective perceived noise level in terms of decibels
• ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
• EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community
• GA General Atomic
• GM General Motors
• GNP Gross national product
• HEST Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology
• HgO Mercury Oxide
• HIT Hydrogen induction technique
• hp Horsepower
• HTR High-temperature reactor
• HST Hypersonic transport
• HYCSOS Hydrogen Conversion and Storage System
• IEA International Energy Agency
• IGT Institute of Gas Technology
• IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
• JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• kg Kilogram
• kv Kilovolt
• kwh Kilowatt hour
• lb Pound
• LEAP Liquid-hydrogen Experimental Airline
• LH2 Liquid hydrogen
• LNG Liquid natural gas
• MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• mpg Miles per gallon
• mph Miles per hour
• Mw Megawatt
• Mwe Megawatt (electric)
• Mwth Megawatt (thermal)
• NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
• NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• NOX Nitrogen oxides emissions
• OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
• oz Ounce
• ppm Parts per million
• psf Pounds per square foot
• psi Pounds per square inch
• PWR Pressurized water reactor
• Q Quadrillion Btus
• SNG Substitute natural gas
• SPE Solid-polymer electrolyte
• SPTL Superconductive power transmission line
• SRI Stanford Research Institute
• SST Supersonic transport
• TI Texas Instruments
• TiO2 Titanium dioxide
• TVP Textured vegetable protein
• UCLA University of California at Los Angeles
• USGS United States Geological Survey
• VW Volkswagen

A Hydrogen Song

(to the tune of Cole Porter's

"I get a kick out of you")

I get no kick from methane ,

Pure ethanol does not thrill me at all,

Only a fool thinks syn-fuel,

My yen is for pure hydrogen.

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