Nigel West - Cold War Spymaster: The Legacy of Guy Liddell, Deputy Director of MI5

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Cold War Spymaster

Cold War Spymaster

The Legacy of Guy Liddell, Deputy Director of MI5

Nigel West

Cold War Spymaster: The Legacy of Guy Liddell, Deputy Director of MI5

This edition published in 2018 by Frontline Books,

an imprint of Pen & Sword Books Ltd,

47 Church Street, Barnsley, S. Yorkshire, S70 2AS

www.frontline-books.com

Copyright Nigel West, 2018

The right of Nigel West to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

ISBN: 978-1-52673-622-2

eISBN 978-1-52673-623-9

Mobi ISBN 978-1-52673-624-6

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

CIP data records for this title are available from the British Library

For more information on our books, please visit

or write to us at the above address.

Acknowledgements

T he author acknowledges his debt of gratitude to those who have assisted his research, among them the late Tommy Robertson, Cecil Barclay, Yuri Modin, Oleg Tsarev, Jim Skardon, Jurgen Kuczynski, Ruth Werner, Anthony Blunt, John Cairncross, Dick White, Russell Lee, Arthur Martin, Elvira de la Fuentes, Hugh Astor, Nicholas Elliott, Bob Lamphere, Cecil Phillips, Meredith Gardner, Deke DeLoach, Ray Batvinis, Michael Fox and the others who prefer not to be identified. All offered information and advice at a time when the Treasury Solicitor John Bailey and MI5s legal adviser Bernard Sheldon and then David Bickford were keen to enforce a lifelong duty of confidentiality on serving and former members of the Security Service.

His research was also greatly assisted by Andrew Lownie, Hans-Dietrich Lemmel, Rui Arajo, Oleg Gordievsky, William Tyrer, Peter Stephan Junk and Sebastian Cody.

Authors Note

M any of the documents reproduced in this volume originate from files and have been redacted during the declassification process. Where possible the redactions have been restored, but where this has not been possible the redaction is indicated thus: [XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX]

The author has retained the convention of printing codenames in capitals but, for ease of reading, has restored capitalized surnames to ordinary, lower case.

Abbreviations and Glossary

AEC	Atomic Energy Commission
ASA	Army Security Agency (US)
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
B4	MI5s technical surveillance section
MI5s Watcher Service
BIS	British Information Service
BJSM	British Joint Services Mission
Original codename for VENONA
BRUSA	BritainUnited States Signals Intelligence Agreement
British Security Co-ordination
Counter-Intelligence Corps (US)
Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee
Communist International
Communist Party of Great Britain
Communist Party of the United States of America
CRO	Commonwealth Relations Office
Director, B Division MI5
Director of Central Intelligence (US)
Decipher Yourself
Directorate of Scientific and Industrial Research
Soviet codename for the atomic bomb project
FPA	Federated Press of America
Government Communications Headquarters
GPO	General Post Office
Soviet Military Intelligence
Foreign Department of Soviet State Security
Indian Political Intelligence
Decrypts of Abwehr Enigma machine-enciphered radio traffic
Decrypts of Abwehr hand-ciphered radio traffic
Joint Intelligence Committee
Joint Services Mission
KriegsOrganisation
German Communist Party
War Office enemy order-of-battle branch
British Security Service
NCNA	New China News Agency
Soviet intelligence service, predecessor to the NKVD, KGB etc
Soviet intelligence service
NRA	Nothing Recorded Against
Soviet intelligence service
Personal File
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Soviet intelligence office
Soviet intelligence station chief
Soviet intelligence station
Russian Intelligence Service
Sicherheitsdienst
SF	Special Facilities
Secret Intelligence Service
Security Liaison Officer
Special Operations Executive
TC	Telecheck
TWIST	Wartime deception committee
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency
Codename for decrypted Soviet cable traffic
XX	Twenty Committee

Introduction

T he impact of the declassification and release of the Guy Liddell Diaries covering the period September 1939 to May 1945 would be hard to exaggerate as the then Director of MI5s counter-espionage B Division had entrusted to paper, actually loose-leaf pages in ring-binders, details of virtually every important event that had any intelligence significance during the Second World War. Never intended for a wider readership outside the Security Services top management, the Diaries offered an astonishing insight into the day-to-day activities of a group of men and women dedicated to detecting and interdicting sabotage, subversion and espionage. Liddell, known as , had a wide area of responsibility and supervised agents provocateurs, deception operations, sensitive political investigations, and masterminded the countering of Communist-inspired penetration and Jewish terrorism.

The Diaries, of course, speak for themselves, and offer an extraordinary insight into the daily activities of an organization that sought to operate without political interference or direction, and well away from public scrutiny. However, this volume, which covers the entire post-war period until May 1953, is intended to expand on some of the cases that Liddell mentioned, with the advantage of what subsequently has been revealed either by the declassification of other MI5 files, by , and by access to Soviet archives. Inevitably, from Liddells perspective, his attention was taken up by a huge variety of investigations, routine liaison and events, but with the benefit of hindsight we can see that there were plenty of episodes that he touched on that have since acquired a special historical significance.

Liddell himself had no expectation that his diaries would be ever read by anyone outside a small group of senior management within MI5, and doubtless would be surprised by their impact. Similarly, he did not have the gift of foresight to help him identify particular topics that were likely to become controversial. A chance encounter with King George VIs private secretary at his club in Pall Mall led to worries about the Duke of Windsors conduct at a critical moment in the Battle of Britain; an atomic physicist, betrayed by a Soviet defector, negotiations with the deputy illegal rezident Walter Krivitsky in January 1940. He had introduced J. Edgar Hoover into the subtleties of clandestine surveillance during his visit to Washington DC in January 1937 to indoctrinate the FBI into the Jessie Jordan case, and was the genius behind the introduction of the now famous wartime Double Cross system which effectively took control of the enemys networks in Great Britain.

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