Beyond Boundaries: Canadian Defence
and Strategic Studies Series
Rob Huebert, Series Editor
ISSN 1716-2645 (Print) ISSN 1925-2919 (Online)
Canadas role in international military and strategic studies ranges from peacebuilding
and Arctic sovereignty to unconventional warfare and domestic security. This series
provides narratives and analyses of the Canadian military from both an historical
and a contemporary perspective.
No. 1 The Generals: The Canadian Armys Senior Commanders in the Second World War
J.L. Granatstein
No. 2 Art and Memorial: The Forgotten History of Canadas War Art
Laura Brandon
No. 3 In the National Interest: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 19092009
Greg Donaghy and Michael K. Carroll
No. 4 Long Night of the Tankers: Hitlers War Against Caribbean Oil
David J. Bercuson and Holger H. Herwig
No. 5 Fishing for a Solution: Canadas Fisheries Relations with the European Union, 19772013
Donald Barry, Bob Applebaum, and Earl Wiseman
No. 6 From Kinshasa to Kandahar: Canada and Fragile States in Historical Perspective
Michael K. Carroll and Greg Donaghy
No. 7 The Frontier of Patriotism: Alberta and the First World War
Adriana A. Davies and Jeff Keshen
No. 8 Chinas Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada
P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Adam Lajeunesse, James Manicom, and Frdric Lasserre
2018 P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Adam Lajeunesse, James Manicom, and Frdric Lasserre
University of Calgary Press
2500 University Drive NW
Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4
press.ucalgary.ca
This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Lackenbauer, P. Whitney, author
Chinas Arctic ambitions and what they mean for Canada / P. Whitney Lackenbauer,
Adam Lajeunesse, James Manicom, and Frdric Lasserre.
(Beyond boundaries : Canadian defence and strategic studies, ISSN 1716-2645 ; no. 8)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-55238-901-0 (softcover).ISBN 978-1-55238-902-7 (Open Access PDF).
ISBN 978-1-55238-903-4 (PDF).ISBN 978-1-55238-904-1 (EPUB).
ISBN 978-1-55238-905-8 (Kindle)
1. Arctic regionsForeign relationsChina. 2. ChinaForeign relationsArctic
regions. 3. Arctic regionsPolitics and government. I. Lajeunesse, Adam, 1982-, author
II. Manicom, James, 1979-, author III. Lasserre, Frdric, 1967-, author IV. Title.
V. Series: Beyond boundaries series ; no. 8
G606.L33 2018 919.8 C2017-907112-2
C2017-907113-0
The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program.
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
This book has been published with the support of St. Jeromes University Aid to Scholarly Publishing Grant.
Copyediting by Kathryn Simpson
Cover image: Timo Palo, Drift ice camp in the middle of the Arctic Ocean as seen from the deck of icebreaker Xue Long [ Snow Dragon ], 2010, Photograph. Wikimedia Commons.
Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano
Ebook conversion by Human Powered Design
Illustrations
Canadas International Focus in the Arctic
Least Preferred Partner from Rethinking the Top of the World
Support for Inclusion of Non-Arctic States from Rethinking the Top of the World
Canadian Opinion on China
Investments in Antarctic Research
The Impact and Specialization of Canadas Arctic Research
World Map from a Chinese Perspective
Distances between Major Ports
Overview of Responses to Survey According to Main Sector of Activity
Overview of Responses to Survey According to Home Region
Overview of Responses to Survey According to Type of Shipping
Risks of Arctic Shipping
Interests in Arctic Shipping
The Fednav Vessel Nunavik in the Prince of Wales Strait
The Polar Code and Ship Safety
Undiscovered Oil in the Arctic Basin
Arctic Council Criteria and Role for Observers
The Arctic Council, Changes at the Kiruna Meeting
Abbreviations
ADIZ Air Defence Identification Zone
ARCTML Arctic Change and its Tele-impacts on Mid-Latitudes
ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
CHARS Canadian High Arctic Research Station
CAST China Association for Science and Technology
CIMA China Institute for Marine Affairs
CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation
COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company
CSCL China Shipping Container Lines
CHINARE Chinas National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expeditions
CACPR Chinese Advisory Committee for Polar Research
CAA Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
CCP Chinese Communist Party
CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
DoC Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties
EU European Union
HPH Hutchison Port Holdings
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
ITK Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)
MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime
NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
NLCA Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OOCL Orient Overseas Container Line
PLA Peoples Liberation Army
PLAN Peoples Liberation Army Navy
PRC Peoples Republic of China
PRIC Polar Research Institute of China
PSC Politburo Standing Committee
RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization
SAO Senior Arctic Official
SIIS Shanghai Institutes of International Studies