John R. Perry - The State of Russia Under the Present Czar

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RUSSIA THROUGH EUROPEAN EYES

No. 1

General Editor : Dr. A. G. CROSS, University of East Anglia

THE STATE OF RUSSIA

UNDER THE

PRESENT CZAR

THE
STATE OF RUSSIA

UNDER THE PRESENT CZAR

BY

JOHN PERRY

First Published 1716 by
FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED

Published 2014 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
ISBN 978-0-714-61145-7 (hbk)

THE

S T A T E

OF

R U S S I A,

Under the Present CZAR.

In Relation to the several great and remarkable Things he has done, as to his Naval Preparations, the Regulating his Army, the Reforming his People, and Improvement of his Countrey.

Particularly those Works on which the AUTHOR was employd, with the Reasons of his quitting the CZARs Service, after having been Fourteen Years in that Countrey.

Alfo an ACCOUNT

Of thofe TARTARS, and other People who border on the Eaftern and extreme Northern Parts of the Czars Dominions, their Religion, and Manner of Life : With many other Observations.

To which is annexd,

A more accurate MAP of the Czars Dominions, than has hitherto been extant.

---

By Captain J OHN P ERRY.

---

LONDON,

Printed for BENJAMIN TOOKE, at the Middle Temple-Gate in Fleetstreet. 1716.

THE

PREFACE.

HERE being no Account of Russia publishd since the Czars being in England, and the many Years I lived there, and the Works I was employd upon, having given me an Opportunity of observing the State and Condition of that Countrey, with the several Improvements which the Czar has made among his People since his Return from his Travels, whereby he is become formidable to his Neighbours, and has gaind universal Applause, I thought the following Relation might not be unacceptable to the Publick.

I have first given an Account of my being taken into the Czars Service, and of the Work I was employd in for making a Communication between the Caspian and Black Sea, and of my being commanded from thence to another Work at Veronize, for repairing his Fleet designd against the Turks, which I did, by artificially raising the Water for laying the Ships dry on the Land, without the help of the Tide, to answer the same Use as our Docks in England, with this Advantage, that the Water is only raised when required, and that as our Docks in England are usually made to receive but one or two Ships at a time, by the Method of artificially raising the Water, by the placing a single Sluice, without the Charge of making Docks, the first time I raised the Water I laid fifteen Ships at once on the Land to be repaird, which I chose to be particular in, because the same has not been practised in any other Place that I have heard of I have mentiond another Work I was employd on, formaking the River Veronize navigable for the Passage of Ships of 80 Guns, which the Czar has built there for forming a Navy against the Turks.

I have also spoken of the Czars Designs for laying his Ships on that side in a dry Haven in Time of Peaee, to preserve them from Decay, and of my being employd to survey the Rivers in the Province of Petersburgh, for making a Communication from thence to the great River Wolga, and the Methods and Resolutions which the Czar has taken to bring the Trade of his Countrey thither, to make Petersburgh the Capital of his Empire.

This is what I first writ, without any Intention of going any farther, as the Reader will easily discern; but I was prevailed upon by the Persuasions of some Friends, to proceed in giving a more particular Account of the Czars Dominions, and of his Intentions to discover a Passage from the North East Part of his Dominions to China by the Tartarian Sea, of the Inhabitants of thoseNorthern Parts, their manner of Life in the Extremity of Cold, of the Conquest of Siberia, and the Trade and Correspondence which is at present maintaind through that Countrey to China by Land-Carriage, with a Description of the several Hordes of Tartars who inhabit on the Eastern Parts of the Czars Dominions, having had the Opportunity of observing many Particulars in their Way of Life, whilst I was employd on that side the Countrey.

I have laid down some Observations of the Quantity of Waters which fall into the Caspian Sea by the Wolga, and the many other great Rivers; and have given my Thoughts touching the Opinion advanced by some Men of a subterraneous Passage for their Discharge, and which, according to the approved Experiments made by the learned Mr. Professor Halley, of the Evaporations of Waters, I have made an Attempt to prove that there is no such subterraneous Passage. I have farther offerd some Reasons to prove the Nature and Necessityof the Circulation of Dews from the Surface of the Earth, and falling down again in Rain, drawn from some Observations of my own that I made in Russia, which I submit to the Opinion of the more judicious and learned.

I have farther shewn the Occasion of the Czars first Thoughts of building Ships, the Reason of his Travels into Europe, of the several Rebellions in his Countrey, his regulating his Government at his Return, reforming his People in their Customs and Habits; of the Method he has taken for the establishing Knowledge and Learning among them; of the Temper of the People; of the Manufacture and Trade of Russia; and of many other remarkable Things relating to the Improvement of his People in the Art of War. All which, though I may have been irregular in my Method, and incorrect in my Language; yet I hope the Sincerity and Truth of the Relation, which I have with great Care perusd, will sufficiently recompense for it.

AN

ACCOUNT

OF

RUSSIA,

Particularly of those remarkable Things done by the present CZAR.

N the Year 1698, his Czarish Majesty being then in England, making his Observations of our Arts in building and equipping out our Fleets, among several Artificers, &c. whom he was then pleased to entertain, I was recommended to him by the then Lord Marquiss of

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