Lauren M. McLaren - Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain and Turkey

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Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe

Why are some regimes democratic while others are not? Specifically, how have Spain and Italy managed to become democratic while Turkey, which shares many similar characteristics, has not?

Spain, Italy, and Turkey have shared common historical features which would have been disruptive to any new democracy; however, they represent a wide array of democratization experiences. Providing a comparative case-study analysis, this book offers some clues as to the reasons for successful transitions to democracy. This is done through a range of variables which include:

the degree of stateness problems

learning from previous experiences with democracy and authoritarianism

economic development

the procedures used for designing the new rules of the regime

the existence or absence of civil society and the connection between society and political institutions

the democratic rules themselves

the professionalization of the military

the influence of external factors on democratic consolidation.

By examining these variables across the three countries, Lauren McLaren narrows the range of possible explanations for differences in democratic consolidation. The book will be of particular interest to students and researchers of European Politics and Democratization Studies.

Lauren M. McLaren is Associate Professor of Politics at the University of Nottingham, UK.

Democratization studies
(formerly Democratization studies, Frank Cass)

Series editors: Peter Burnell and Peter Calvert

Democratization Studies combines theoretical and comparative studies with detailed analyses of issues central to democratic progress and its performance, all over the world.

The books in this series aim to encourage debate on the many aspects of democratization that are of interest to policy-makers, administrators and journalists, aid and development personnel, as well as to all those involved in education.

1 Democratization and the Media

Edited by Vicky Randall

2 The Resilience of Democracy

Persistent practice, durable idea

Edited by Peter Burnell and Peter Calvert

3 The Internet, Democracy and Democratization

Edited by Peter Ferdinand

4 Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-communist Europe

Edited by Paul Lewis

5 Democracy Assistance

International co-operation for democratization

Edited by Peter Burnell

6 Opposition and Democracy in South Africa

Edited by Roger Southall

7 The European Union and Democracy Promotion

The case of North Africa

Edited by Richard Gillespie and Richard Youngs

8 Democratization and the Judiciary

Edited by Siri Gloppen, Roberto Gargarella and Elin Skaar

9 Civil Society in Democratization

Edited by Peter Burnell and Peter Calvert

10 The Internet and Politics

Citizens, voters and activists

Edited by Sarah Oates, Diana Owen and Rachel Gibson

11 Democratization in the Muslim World

Changing patterns of authority and power

Edited by Frederic Volpi and Francesco Cavatorta

12 Global Democracy: For and Against

Ethical theory, institutional design and social struggles

Raffaele Marchetti

13 Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe

A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and Turkey

Lauren M. McLaren

Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe

A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and Turkey

Lauren M. McLaren

LONDON AND NEW YORK

First published 2008
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

2008 Lauren M. McLaren

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN13: 978-1-134-07185-2 ePub ISBN

ISBN10: 0-415-43819-5 (hbk)

ISBN10: 0-203-92805-9 (ebk)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-43819-3 (hbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-203-92805-9 (ebk)

Contents

Illustrations

Maps

2.1	The regions of Italy
2.2	The regions of Spain
2.3	The regions of Turkey

Tables

2.1	Allow parts of Italy to separate from the Italian state?
4.1	Population size of major Italian cities
4.2	Real GDP per capita in international prices
4.3	Origin of GDP by sector
4.4	Inflation: average growth rates
4.5	Post-war aid
5.1	The 1946 Italian Constituent Assembly
6.1	Election results: Spain (19772004)
11.1	Predictors of democratic consolidation

Preface

My interest in writing this book developed while I was employed at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey between 1998 and 2002. Although I was new to the study of Turkish politics and society, these quickly became topics of keen interest. As a scholar and teacher of comparative politics, my interest naturally moved toward comparative themes. Most perplexing to me was a question that had also perplexed me during many of my years of graduate study: why is it that some countries are able to establish stable regimes that protect and respect the rights of citizens while others struggle with this, sometimes for years. Turkey turned out to be one of those in the latter position, and as I read and learned more about its modern-day history, the parallels between it and other countries in Southern Europe led the comparativist in me to wonder how those other regimes, which faced extremely difficult, potentially destabilizing times, managed to succeed in their attempts to create stable democracy while Turkey had not.

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