Lawrence M. Anderson - Federalism, Secession, and the American State: Divided, We Secede

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Anderson provides fresh insights into dynamics of secession that changed the path of the nation in the mid-1800s. The books original research carefully details the growing estrangement of Southerners and especially the South Carolina radicals who tested and ultimately crossed the frontiers of national loyalty. By exposing the fatal mixture of federalism and polarization that paved the way to national tragedy, Anderson holds up a distant mirror to todays turbulent politics.

David Brian Robertson, University of Missouri St. Louis

This book makes important new contributions both to the general theory of federalism, secession, and stability; and to the issues of American stability and disunion in the years leading to the Civil War. Focusing on the critical state of South Carolina, Anderson explains the forces generating this states leadership in the Southern movement to protect slavery and, ultimately, in the path of secession from the United States.

Barry Weingast, Stanford University

Federalism, Secession, and the American State

One important tradition in political science conceives of the Civil War in the United States serving as the functional equivalent of the English and French Revolutions, bringing with it the victory of liberal democratic industrialism over aristocratic agriculturalism. From this perspective, the Civil War is notable for its impact on the American state. Surprisingly however, little attention has been paid to the distinguishing features of this historic rupture in American politics.

Through primary source research and the re-analysis of the rich historical literature about the antebellum era and the causes of the Civil War, Lawrence M. Anderson explores the relationship between federalism and the movement for secession in the United States during the pre-civil war era. Focusing primarily on South Carolina, Anderson carefully revisits theory on institutional analysis of political development to expose what caused secession in the United States

Lawrence M. Anderson is an associate professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. He teaches mainly in the area of American politics. His research interests include federalism and secessionism.

Routledge Studies in North American Politics

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4	State Failure, Underdevelopment, and Foreign Intervention in Haiti
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5	Mexico-United States Relations
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6	Federalism, Secession, and the American State
Divided, We Secede
Lawrence M. Anderson

Federalism, Secession, and the American State

Divided, We Secede

Lawrence M. Anderson

First published 2013
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business

2013 Taylor & Francis

The right of Lawrence M. Anderson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Anderson, Lawrence M.
Federalism, secession, and the American state : divided, we secede /
Lawrence M. Anderson.
p. cm. (Routledge studies in North American politics ; 6)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Federal governmentUnited StatesHistory19th century.
2. SecessionUnited StatesHistory. 3. States rights
(American politics)History19th century. 4. Nullification
(States rights)History19th century. 5. United StatesPolitics
and government19th century. 6. South CarolinaPolitics and
government17751865. I. Title.
JK311.A63 2012
320.473049dc23
2012010857

ISBN: 978-0-415-51832-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-203-09566-9 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon
by IBT Global.

As it is, we have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other.

Thomas Jefferson, on slavery

Our Federal Unionit must be preserved.

Andrew Jackson

The Unionnext to our liberty, most dear.

John C. Calhoun, responding to Jackson

The only question is can the Union and Slavery exist together?

William Henry Trescott

I believe this Union and slavery cannot stand together.

Armistead Burt

Whom the gods would destroy, they fi rst make mad.

Euripides

For JZAB
It wouldnt be any fun without them

Contents

Figures and Tables

FIGURES

.

TABLES

Chronology of Events

November 1832	The South Carolina state convention nullifi es federal tariffs
August 1846	The Wilmot Proviso is introduced. It passes the House of Representatives; it never passes the Senate.
February 1848	Mexican cession adds more than 500,000 square miles to U.S. territory.
September 1850	California is admitted as a free state, permanently tipping balance (16 free/15 slave).
April 1852	The South Carolina secession convention affi rms right to secede.
May 1858	Minnesota is admitted to the Union as a free state (17 free states/15 slave states).
February 1859	Oregon is admitted to the Union as free state (18 free states/15 slave states).
October 1859	Abolitionist John Brown conducts his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia).
January 1860	Christopher Memminger leads South Carolinas failed mission to Virginia.
February 1860	Alabama Legislature votes to call a convention if a Republican is elected president.
April 1860	The Democratic Convention is held in Charleston, SC. The Convention and the Party splits along sectional lines.
June 1860	John C. Breckinridge and Stephen Douglas are nominated to the Northern and Southern Democratic tickets.
October 1860	Governor Gist sends letters to governors of the Deep South, attempting to discern their reaction to the probable Republican presidential victory.

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