The Rise and Propagation of Historical Professionalism
This book examines the evolution of historical professionalism, with the development of an international community that shares a set of values regarding both methodological minimum demands and what constitutes new results. Historical professionalism is not a fixed set of skills but a concept with varying import and meaning at different times depending on changing norms. Torstendahl covers the propagation of these different ideals and of new educational forms from the late eighteenth century to the present, from Leopold von Rankes state-centrism to a historiography borne by social theories.
Rolf Torstendahl is Emeritus Professor of History at Uppsala University.
Routledge Approaches to History
1 Imprisoned by History
Aspects of Historicized Life
Martin Davies
2 Narrative Projections of a Black British History
Eva Ulrike Pirker
3 Integrity in Historical Research
Edited by Tony Gibbons and Emily Sutherland
4 History, Memory, and State-Sponsored Violence
Time and Justice
Berber Bevernage
5 Frank Ankersmits Lost Historical Cause
A Journey from Language to Experience
Peter P. Icke
6 Popularizing National Pasts
1800 to the Present
Edited by Stefan Berger, Chris Lorenz and Billie Melman
7 The Fiction of History
Alexander Lyon Macfie
8 The Rise and Propagation of Historical Professionalism
Rolf Torstendahl
First published 2015
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Torstendahl, Rolf.
The rise and propagation of historical professionalism / by Rolf
Torstendahl.
pages cm. (Routledge approaches to history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. HistoriographyHistory. 2. HistoriographyMethodology. I. Title.
D13.T613 2014
907.2dc23
2014013862
ISBN: 978-1-138-80015-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-75562-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
For my wife TAMARA
Contents
A guiding principle of this book is close to something that the late Irmline Veit-Brause used to say, namely that the principles of historiography are best studied as a constant interaction between the history and the theory of historiography. I am indebted to her and several other friends who are now out of reach of words of gratitude for perspectives that I have internalized as mine.
Colleagues have been generous with their time in reading and commenting on versions of one or several chapters at different stages. Some have been kind enough to read the whole book. I thus want to thank Mikhail Bibikov, Gunnel Cederlf, Elisabeth Elgn, Gunlg Fur, Jrgen Kocka, Jean-Claude Robert, Staffan Rosn, Nils-Eric Sahlin, Tamara Torstendahl Salytjeva, Henrik gren, and Maria gren. I especially want to thank Jrgen Kocka for a close scrutiny of , Maria gren for an intense examination of the whole book, Nils-Eric Sahlin for his helpful discussion of the philosophical parts, and Tamara Torstendahl Salytjeva for her encouraging and critical remarks. Editors of the journals where the original versions were published were also very helpful, as were anonymous reviewers called in by Routledge for this book. Several improvements are due to their comments, but remaining faults and unclear points are mine.
Many colleagues in Uppsala and Moscow and at conferences and congresses have unknowingly contributed to this book through daily discussions informally or in seminars, many more than I could mention by name.
I also want to thank the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities ( Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitetsakademien ) for a grant which made it possible for me to conduct research in the Archives Nationales in Paris, where the post-war archives of CISH are housed.
Quite a number of historians, especially in the last few decades, have maintained other views of professionalism than those advanced in this book. I have tried to do justice to their arguments at the same time as I refute them. That this is a complicated affair is easily understood. I want only to affirm that my intention has never been to misrepresent an argument or to misunderstand a previous analysis. For the sake of clarity one or another nuance of an argument may have been omitted, but I have done so wilfully only when I have regarded the loss as without importance for the cardinal point in the object of discussion.
Uppsala and Moscow, February 2014
Rolf Torstendahl
This book is a mixture of quite new chapters and such that take up things that I have developed earlier. Several of the chapters of this book have been published elsewhere, and I want to thank the original publishers for their permission to reprint. However, all original versions have been revised here, sometimes only in details, but in other chapters essential matters have been added or changed.
are entirely new.
was originally an article entitled History-Writing as Professional Production of Knowledge, in Storia della Storiografia 48 (2005): 7388.
was originally an article entitled Historical Professionalism: A Changing Product of Communities within the Discipline, in Storia della Storiografia 56 (2009): 326.
was originally an article entitled Vozvrashchenie istorizma? Neo-institutsionalizm i istoricheskii povorot v sotsialnykh naukakh, in Dialog so vremenem 30 (2010): 1425.
is partly directly from the article From All-Round to Professional Education: How Young Historians Became Members of an Academic Community in the Nineteenth Century, in Leidschrift 25 (2010): 1731, and partly new.
was originally an article entitled Fact, Truth, and Text: The Quest for a Firm Basis for Historical Knowledge around 1900, in History and Theory 42 (2003): 305331. Copyright 2003, John Wiley and Sons.
was originally an article entitled Novye rezultaty i nauchnye revoliutsii v istorii, in Dialog so vremenem 43 (2013): 523.
Rolf Torstendahl
In bookshops there is no scarcity of books that are labelled history, often lumped together with biographies and memoirs. Even for the connoisseur it may be difficult to find out which ones, of the offered abundance, seriously add to previous knowledge in a field in which he or she is interested. Seriously in this connection means the same as really in everyday languageor according to the professional rule system in the circles of university-employed historians.
This book focuses on exactly this professional rule system as a problem. This means that not only the history and transformations of historical professionalism from its beginnings to the present will be treated, but also the fundamental question for what purpose and by what means historians have claimed and claim a professional status. This book goes a different way than previous literature on the subject both in regard to the rule system as such and in its division into two parts with different functions.