Laura Newby - Sino-Japanese Relations

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: JAPANS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Volume 3

SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS

SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS

Chinas Perspective

LAURA NEWBY

First published in 1988 by Routledge

This edition first published in 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1988 Royal Institute of International Affairs

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-30279-2 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-14875-5 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-55004-9 (Volume 3) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-14712-3 (Volume 3) (ebk)

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

CHATHAM HOUSE PAPERS

SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS

CHINAS PERSPECTIVE

Laura Newby

The Royal Institute of International Affairs

Routledge
London and New York

First published 1988
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001, USA, and
North Way, Andover, Hants SP10 5BE

Royal Institute of International Affairs 1988

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Newby, Laura, 1956

Sino-Japanese relations: Chinas perspective (Chatham House papers, ISSN 01435795).

1. China. Foreign relations with Japan. 2. Japan. Foreign relations with China

I. Title II. Series
327.51052

ISBN 0415030293

CONTENTS

ASEAN	Association of South-East Asian Nations
CAAC	Civil Aviation Administration of China
CCP	Communist Party of China
CoCom	Coordinating Committee for export controls.
CPSU	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
ESCAP	Economic and Social Committee for Asia and the Pacific
GSP	Generalized System of Preferences
JNOC	Japan National Oil Corporation
JSP	Japanese Socialist Party
LDP	Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
LTTA	Long-Term Trade Agreement
MFN	Most Favoured Nation
MITI	Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan)
NICs	Newly Industrializing Countries
NPC	National Peoples Congress
OECF	Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund
PLA	Peoples Liberation Army
PRC	Peoples Republic of China
ROC	Republic of China (Taiwan)
SDF	Self-Defence Forces (Japan)
SEZ	Special Economic Zone
TPF	Treaty of Peace and Friendship
TYDP	Ten-Year Development Plan

I wish to thank all those who read, and commented on, the first draft of this paper, in particular the participants of the study group held at Chatham House in March 1988. Brian Bridges, who both initiated this study and guided it to its conclusion, gave generously of his advice and encouragement. Special thanks are also due to Margaret May for her painstaking editing and to Marie Lathia for her help with the word-processing. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Great Britain-Sasakawa Foundation, ICI and GKN.

June 1988

L.N.

The relationship between China and Japan is of crucial importance to the future development of the international community. After a long period of neglect, Western governments have become increasingly aware of the Asia-Pacific region as a dynamic centre of world economic power, as a theatre of world political events and as a potential crisis zone. President Ronald Reagan has called the twenty-first century the Pacific Era, and the idea of a Pacific Community was adopted by General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in his Vladivostok speech in July 1986. Relations between the two major regional powers, China and Japan, will inevitably affect the political and economic development of the entire region, with concomitant repercussions for the global economy and the international security order.

In the past, China and Japan have been frequently compared to two rival heroes in a classic tale: when they fight they are weakened, but united they are invincible. The maxim is still pertinent today: as allies Japan and China would undoubtedly be deciding factors in any major regional conflict; as enemies their contribution to the escalation and protraction of hostilities would leave both severely debilitated. But armed conflict apart, the degree of political confrontation, and the extent to which their divergent interests can be reconciled, are of global import. The changing postures of China and Japan, and the complexity of their relationship in the late 1980s, are such that they warrant a fresh and detailed examination.

In August 1978, six years after the Zhou-Tanaka communique marked the normalization of relations between China and Japan, the Treaty of Peace and Friendship (TPF) was finally signed by Foreign Ministers Huang Hua and Sonoda Sunao. Although this was technically a bilateral affair, negotiations had been complicated by the fact that the agreement impinged on the vital interests of the United States and the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, both contracting parties were committed to the belief that the treaty would contribute towards the peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific region. Then, just as now, a peaceful environment was essential to the economic development and prosperity of both countries. It is this mutual understanding that gives the treaty its underlying force and makes any perceived violation of its principles a sensitive and potentially volatile issue.

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