Florian Znaniecki - The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge

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THE SOCIAL ROLE OF THE MAN OF KNOWLEDGE

Social Science Classics Series

Vilhelm, Aubert, The Hidden Society

Samuel Berstein, French Political and Intellectual History

Herbert Blumer, Critiques of Research in the Social Sciences

G.D.H. Cole, Guild Socialism Restated

Charles Horton Cooley, Human Nature and the Social Order

Charles Horton Cooley, Social Organization

Benedetto Croce, Historical Materialism and the Economics of Karl Marx

Albert Venn Dicey, Lectures on the Relation between Law and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century

Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society

Moses I. Finley, Studies in Land and Credit in Ancient Athens, 500-200 B.C.

Ruth Fischer, Stalin and German Communism

G.S. Ghurye, The Scheduled Tribes of India

Ludwig Gumplowicz, Outlines of Sociology

Everett C. Hughes, The Sociological Eye

Helen MacGill Hughes, News and Human Interest Story

Kurt Koffka, Growth of the Mind

Walter Laqueur, Young Germany

Harold J. Laski, The American Presidency

Gustave LeBon, The French Revolution and the Psychology of Revolution

Gustave LeBon, The Psychology of Socialism

Walter Lippmann, A Preface to Morals

Helen Merrell Lynd, England in the Eighteen-Eighties

Henry de Man, The Psychology of Marxian Socialism

Harriet Martineau, Society in America

Vilfredo Pareto, The Transformation of Democracy

Joseph A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development

George Bernard Shaw, The Intelligent Womans Guide to Socialism and Capitalism

Werner Sombart, The Jews and Modern Capitalism

Pitirim Sorokin, Social and Cultural Dynamics

Anselm Strauss et al., Psychiatric Ideologies

William Graham Sumner, Earth-Hunger and Other Essays

John W. Thibaut, and Harold H. Kelley, The Social Psychology of Groups

Thor stein Veblen, The Engineers and the Price System

Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of Business Enterprise

Graham Wallas, Human Nature in Politics

Max Weber, General Economic History

Florian Znaniecki, Cultural Sciences

Florian Znaniecki, The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge

THE SOCIAL ROLE OF THE MAN OF KNOWLEDGE

Florian Znaniecki

With a New Introduction by Lewis A. Coser

First published 1986 by Transaction, Inc.

Published 2019 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Original edition copy right 1940 by Columbia University Press.
New material this edition copyright 1986 by Lewis A. Coser

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Number:

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Znaniecki, Florian, 18821958.

The social role of the man of knowledge.

(Social science classics series)

Reprint. Originally published: New York : Harper & Row, 1968.

Includes index.

1. Learning and scholarship. 2. Sociology.
3. Social psychology. 4. Knowledge, Sociology of.
I. Title II. Series.
HM213.Z6 1986 301 85-24586
ISBN 0-88738-642-3 (pbk.)

ISBN 13: 978-0-88738-642-8 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-53863-4 (hbk)

CONTENTS

Lewis A. Coser

On rereading my 1968 introduction to Florian Znanieckis The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge more than fifteen years later, I have the impression that it was in part inspired by a tendency to whistle in the dark. Discussing the various versions of the sociology of knowledge from the German Marx-Mann-heim-Scheler tradition to the French tradition elaborated by Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, I seem to have felt that in order to win over the reader to consider the study of the sociology of knowledge I had to stress achievements in this field even when actual results were still rather scarce. Although I made a valiant attempt to show that the sociology of knowledge was alive and kicking both here and abroad, the attentive reader might well have concluded that my assessment was overoptimistic. By and large there was much promise to this approach but relatively little solid progress.

This is not to say that the 1950s and 1960s lacked some solid achievements. Alvin Gouldners Enter Plato,1 much of the work of C. Wright Mills,2 and my own Men of Ideas,3 testified to the fact that the sociology of knowledge was able to inspire authors of significant works.

The revival of interest in the sociology of knowledge in the 1970s and 1980s indicates that books such as those of Mills or Gouldner were not a flash in the pan but already documented a true revival of the tradition of the sociology of knowledge. To begin with, the much-belated publication of some of the earlier work of Karl Mannheim may have had consequences for the sociology of knowledge that can compare to the publication of the so-called Parisian Manuscripts in the 1930s for the reappraisal of the work of Karl Marx.4

Second, the rapid influence of the sociology of science as a result of the pioneering work of Robert K. Merton5 and his disciples as well as the seminal contributions of Thomas Kuhn6 has apparently inspired the sociological analysis of other cultural phenomena. Third, the development of postpositivist philosophy of science through such scholars as Stephen Toulmin and Imre Lakatos7 has created a receptivity to Mannheims and Durkheims thought that was almost completely wanting when orthodox logical positivism dominated the scene. Historians and sociologists of science no longer felt that the origins of scientific ideas, as distinctive from their verification, was subject to chance and not susceptible to sociological analysis. Instead they now held that both the origin and the verification of scientific ideas were in large measure explainable by sociological investi-gation; ideas did not occur in a social vacuum.

In addition to this change in the climate of ideas, the recent appearance of a number of works of a high order of excellence testifies to a new interest in the sociology of knowledge. The work of C. Wright Mills and Alvin Gouldner have become models for younger sociologists, many of whom have contributed to Theory and Societythe journal founded by Gouldner. Barry Schwartz, in Vertical Classification8 has argued persuasively that notions such as high and low, above and below, and up and down, are mental constructs freighted with moral meanings beyond their spatial connotations, so that what is above or higher connotes moral superiority. In similar ways the work of Eviatar Zerubavel, in both his

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