Daniel Amsterdam - Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine

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6th edition

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Printed in China.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Antibiotics in laboratory medicine / [edited by] Daniel Amsterdam. Sixth edition.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4511-7675-9 (alk. paper)

I. Amsterdam, Daniel, editor.

[DNLM: 1. Microbial Sensitivity Tests. 2. Anti-Bacterial Agentspharmacology. 3. Drug Resistance, Microbialphysiology. QW 25.5.M6]

QR69.A57

615.329dc23

2014022704

Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.

The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.

Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice.

LWW.com

For Victor Lorian, MD (deceased), my mentors and coauthors in this and other works, and as always, for my steadfast wife, Carol, and my children, Jonathan and Valerie.

As a former contributor to Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , I am pleased and honored to take on the editorial leadership of the sixth edition to carry on the vision of the founding editor, Victor Lorian, MD. Dr. Lorians editorial direction spanned more than 30 years and this acknowledgment is a small tribute to his role. In the nascent edition, there were only antibacterial agents deliberated. Succeeding editions witnessed the expanding role of antifungal and antiviral compounds.

In addition to Dr. Lorians vital contribution, this edition acknowledges the efforts of chapter authors from previous editions who were unable to continue in this work.

Since their discovery and introduction into the armamentarium of medicines, antibiotics have saved countless lives and contributed to the rapid advancement of modern medicine. The legacy drugs, penicillin, tetracycline, and their contemporary successors have been essential in sustaining health and dealing with human diseases. Their use to treat infections should be considered a global health resource that needs to be carefully conserved. Yet, we are confronted by the expanding scope of drug resistance and more pointedly multidrug resistance, which highlights the reliance on laboratory antimicrobial susceptibility and resistant gene testing. It has become patently clear that for many organisms once considered reliably susceptible to a number of broad-spectrum agents, unexpected resistance can occur as a result of foreign travel or multidrug courses of therapy during a hospital admission.

In recent editions of Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , which have now has spanned more than 35 years, nearly half the antibiotic era, readers have witnessed the role of newer compounds and drug classes including antifungal and antiviral agents, albeit limited the past decade, and had access to methods and approaches for determining efficacy and detailing the mechanisms of action and resistance of these compounds in vivo and in vitro.

New for this edition are the introductory Perspectives and the Appendix. The former deals with the outlook of antiinfective compounds; their origin and archeologic niche in nature; and their current role, development, and future application. In the Appendix are the Web addresses that readers can select for learning more about the nature of the drugs, current resistance patterns and trends, and their clinical application. Each of the intervening chapters, by new or former author(s) expanded and reworked, represent current science and laboratory practice. Several aspects of this volume are worth highlighting. In , Dr. Bamberger and colleagues have used their vast clinical experience and knowledge and document the distribution of antimicrobial agents in extravascular compartments.

As a former (and current) contributor, I am cognizant of and in awe of my fellow authors who participated in this work and made this edition of Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine scientifically sound and clinically meaningful. The sixth edition is authored by an international group of distinguished scientists and physicians, expert in their discipline, brilliant in their vision, and recognized worldwide.

Daniel Amsterdam

Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD

Associate Research Professor

Pharmacy Practice

School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Services

University at Buffalo

Amherst, New York

Daniel Amsterdam, PhD, ABMM, FAAAS, FIDSA

Professor

Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology

School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

State University of New York at Buffalo;

Chief of Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine

Erie County Medical Center

Buffalo, New York

David R. Andes, MD

Professor

Departments of Medicine and Microbiology

Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin