Angela Y. Davis
George Jackson Bobby Seale Ruchell Magee James Baldwin Fleeta Drumgo John Clutchette Julian Bond Huey P. Newton Erika Huggins Bettina Aptheker
This book was edited and prepared for publication by Angela Y. Davis, Bettina Aptheker and other members of the National United Committee to Free Angela Davis and All Political Prisoners.
If They Come
in the Morning
VOICES OF RESISTANCE
Angela Y. Davis
Ruchell Magee, the Soledad Brothers
and Other Political Prisoners
With a Foreword by Julian Bond
This edition published by Verso 2016
First published by The Third Press 1971
National United Committee to Free Angela Davis 1971, 2016
The publisher would like to acknowledge the following publications where
these essays appeared before being collected in this volume:
An Open Letter to Angela Y. Davis (James Baldwin), New York Review
of Books, January 7, 1971; The Soledad Brothers: How a Prison Picks Its
Victims (Eve Pell), Ramparts, August 1970; The Soledad Brothers: An
Appeal (Angela Y. Davis), Black Scholar, April 1971, and Peoples World,
April 24, 1971; A Political Biography of Angela Y. Davis, National
United Committee to Free Angela Y. Davis, New York, November 1970;
Angela Y. Davis Speaks from Prison, Muhammad Speaks, December
1970, and Guardian, December 26, 1970; Angela Davis: Black Soldier
(Robert Chrisman), Black Scholar, November 1970; Letters to Jonathan
Jackson (George Jackson), Soledad Brother, Bantam Books, New York 1970;
Ruchell Magee (Robert Kaufman), Peoples World, July 10, 1971
All rights reserved
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
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ISBN-13: 978-1-78478-769-1
ISBN-13: 978-1-78478-770-7 (US EBK)
ISBN-13: 978-1-78478-771-4 (UK EBK)
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Printed in the US by Maple Press
To all who have fallen in the liberation struggleJonathan Jackson, William Christmas, James McClain, Jon Huggins, Bunchy Carter, lil Bobby Hutton, Fred Hampton, Mark Clark, Sam Napier They must live again through us and our struggles. Through our children and our unborn, they must enjoy the rewards of victorya victory towards which they have already made infinite contributions.
Now also for George, who fiercely resisted to the very end. Under a hail of enemy fire, he fell August 21, 1971, at San Quentin prison. His love for his oppressed kin was unbounded, his revolutionary dedication unconditional, and his contributions to our struggle incalculable. Though his keepers sought to destroy him, George lives on, an example and inspiration for us all.
August, 1971
Angela Y. Davis
Some of us, white and black, know how great a price has already been paid to bring into existence a new consciousness, a new people, an unprecedented nation. If we know, and do nothing, we are worse than the murderers hired in our name.
If we know, then we must fight for your life as though it were our ownwhich it isand render impassable with our bodies the corridor to the gas chamber. For, if they take you in the morning, they will be coming for us that night.
JAMES BALDWIN
from An Open Letter to My Sister, Angela Y. Davis
CONTENTS
Writing of another political trial, his own, in 1951, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois said:
What turns me cold in all this experience is the certainty that thousands of innocent victims are in jail today because they had neither money, experience nor friends to help them. The eyes of the world were on our trial despite the desperate effort of the press and radio to suppress the facts and cloud the real issues; the courage and money of friends and of strangers who dared stand for a principle freed me; but God only knows how many who were as innocent as I and my colleagues are today in hell. They daily stagger out of prison doors embittered, vengeful, hopeless, ruined. And of this army of the wronged, the proportion of Negroes is frightful. We protect and defend sensational cases where Negroes are involved. But the great mass of arrested or accused Black folk have no defense. There is desperate need to oppose this national racket of railroading to jails and chain gangs the poor, friendless and Black.
Dr. Du Bois 1951 observations are twice as true twenty years later; the practice of charging and imprisoning the helpless and the friendless goes on. The army of the wronged has increased its ranks; Angela Davis, Ruchell Magee and the Soledad Brothers are presently its most notable legionnaires.
If They Come in the Morning reiterates Dr. Du Bois point that the celebrated and famous receive our attention; the nonentities and the nameless pass on by.
This collection of essays, letters, poetry and articles firmly roots Angela Davis, Ruchell Magee and the three Soledad Brothers (they have become two through George Jacksons murder as I write) in the progressive forces of our time. There is a link from Du Bois to her; a chain exists between Magee, Drumgo and Clutchette and the dark army of the wronged that has marched from the loins of Black America for the past 352 years.
But these namesso familiar to us allare but the tip of an iceberg, a crag of black blue-hard coldness so massive it could sink America.
It will not suffice to have this collection read and approved. It will not suffice even to mouth slogan and rhetoric. Even Richard Nixon now says Power to the People.
What is wanted for the subjects of this book, and for the army of the wronged not mentioned in these pages, is concerted and organized action.
They come from a proud people whose history of struggle against domestic colonialism here is well known. Our dangers lie in our unwillingness to close ranks around the known and the unknown, and our dangerous tendencies to forget when single battles are won.
Where is the defense committee for Donald Stone? For young Ben Chaney? For Roosevelt Jackson Jones? Where are the millions to march for freedom for those who may never marchexcept in lockstepagain?
They could come from the readers of this book.
Read it, and remember, and learn, and act!
JULIAN BOND
September, 1971
Political repression in the United States has reached monstrous proportions. Black and Brown peoples especially, victims of the most vicious and calculated forms of class, national and racial oppression, bear the brunt of this repression. Literally tens of thousands of innocent men and women, the overwhelming majority of them poor, fill the jails and prisons; hundreds of thousands more, including the most presumably respectable groups and individuals, are subject to police, FBI and military intelligence surveillance. The Nixon administration most recently responded to the massive protests against the war in IndoChina by arresting more than 13,000 people and placing them in stadiums converted into detention centers.